New Distributional Records of Cleome chelidonii L.f. and Cleome rutidosperma DC. (Cleomaceae) in Madura Island

Calcareous soil and dry climate are characteristic of Madura Island, located on the east coast of Java, Indonesia. The group of flowering plants that adapted to these conditions is the genus Cleome L. (Cleomaceae). In 1963, Backer and Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. only listed three species of Cleome from Madura, i.e., C. aspera J.König ex DC., C. gynandra L., and C. viscosa L. Since then, the updated data on the genus Cleome of Madura is not provided yet. Therefore, this study aimed to provide updated information on the genus in Madura island. The botanical exploration was conducted at Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep in December 2019 to January 2020. The two additional species, namely C. chelidonii L.f. and C. rutidosperma DC., were reported for the first time in Madura. Both species were considered as the newly distributional record for the island. Cleome chelidonii was found in Gapura Tengah (Sumenep Regency), and C. rutidosperma was collected from Kamal (Bangkalan Regency). The botanical information on both species is presented, including the updated key to the Cleome of Madura Island. This study provides updated information on genus Cleome in Madura and reporting the existence of Cleome chelidonii and Clome rutidosperma from the island. The presence of both species was considered as a newly distributional record.


INTRODUCTION
Madura Island is located in the Northeastern part of Java, and it comprises an area of 4.382 km 2 (Flathe & Pfeiffer, 1963;Uhlig, 1980).Geologically, the island is a continuation of the limestone mountains from the Northern mainland of East Java (Rifai, 2007;Hefni, 2008).The significant parts of Madura island consist of limestone beds with typical karst (Flathe & Pfeiffer, 1963;Uhlig, 1980;Spaggiari et al., 2018).This island also has a dry climate due to the monsoon winds (Rifai, 2007).These conditions cause the type of vegetation on Madura island is mixed monsoon forest (Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1965;Rifai, 2007).
A few botanical research was conducted in Madura because the flora composition is still considered the same as the Eastern part of Java (Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1965).This causes the information on flora Madura to have not been wholly recorded, and a specific book on Flora of Madura is not provided yet (Irsyam, 2015).The previous studies showed that several newly registered species had been reported from Madura, namely Citrus × floridana (J.Ingram & H. Moore) Mabb.(Rutaceae) and Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem.& Schult.(Cyperaceae) (Irsyam & Chikmawati, 2015;Setiawan & Ariyanti, 2018).
In the Flora of Java, there are only three species of Cleome that have been reported from Madura, i.e., Cleome aspera J.König ex DC., Cleome gynandra L., and Cleome viscosa L. (Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1963).Since then, the updated information has not been provided.Therefore, the study aims to provide updated data on the genus Cleome in Madura.Furthermore, this study was also carried out as a part of the Flora of Madura treatment.
Our study revealed that two additional species were recently found in Madura: Cleome chelidonii L.f. and Cleome rutidosperma DC.The updated key to the genus Cleome of Madura, descriptions, photographs, and brief discussions are provided.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The field study was carried out using an exploration method (Rugayah et al., 2004) in Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep from December 2019 to January 2020.The specimens were collected following van Balgooy (1987).The data recorded from the field includes the collection number, collector names, location, habitat, vernacular names, uses, and morphological characters.
The collected specimens were identified by comparing the specimens description to the previously published references for the genus Cleome (Woodson, 1948;Jacobs, 1960;Iltis, 1960;Backer and Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1963).

An updated key to the genus
ARIFIN SURYA DWIPA IRSYAM et al.

Biogenesis 58
Cleome chelidonii is an exotic species native to India and also distributed from Sri Lanka to Indochina (Jacobs, 1960;Aparadh et al., 2012).But, there is no information when it was first introduced to Java and Madura.In Java, it was only reported from Tegal to Pasuruan (Jacobs, 1960;Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1963).
At the observation site, Cleome chelidonii abundantly grows in rice fields and watery places.Therefore, the dispersal of the seed is allegedly aided by water.In addition, the ripe fruits easily to break and throw the seeds away.Jacobs (1960) notes that the seeds do not have an elaiosome.Thus, the possibility of the seeds being spread by ants is very little.Cleome chelidonii has been traditionally used as fodder by the local people in Gapura, Sumenep.Even so, the species has potential as a medicinal plant.Further pharmacological studies revealed that the methanol extract of C. chelidonii has antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic activities (Parimalakrishnan et al., 2007;Sridhar et al., 2014).Moreover, the flavonoids isolated from the leaf extract were also observed to have hepatoprotective activity and cytotoxicity against the HepG2 human hepatoma cell line (Nguyen et al., 2017).Cleome rutidosperma is native to Western tropical Africa, and it was first discovered from Java (Tanjung Priok) in 1946(Iltis, 1960;Jacobs, 1960).Later, it has been quickly spreading in Indonesia (Tjitrosoedirdjo et al., 2007).Yet, the information on Cleome rutidosperma in Madura is not clearly known until it was collected from Bangkalan in January 2020.
Cleome rutidosperma grows like weeds in Madura.The species are commonly found in open areas, abandoned areas, rice fields, and roadsides.The seed is small and has a fatty white elaiosome at the base (Figure 2g).This structure mediates myrmecochorous seed dispersal because it attracts ants to move the seeds from place to place.
Elaiosome is a lipid-rich appendage, sometimes also rich in protein or starch, used as food by ants (Van Der Pijl, 1972;Mayer et al., 2005).The ontogeny studies showed that the elaiosome develops very early from the external integument cells near the funicular and micropylar area of the seed (Ciccarelli et al., 2005).Other species of Carex have the elaiosome origin from the bracts surrounding the ovary (Handel, 1976).The ants eat the elaiosome without harming the seeds.It also helps the seeds germinate easily once the ants have removed the elaiosome (Forest & Madden, 2011).The elaiosome also has other functions in the dormancy process and water reservation (Lisci et al., 1996).
The Madurese ethnic utilize the leaves of Cleome rutidosperma as a vegetable.The leaves are cooked into stir-fry and soup.Umiyah (2011) reported that the leaves also cooked into sayur asem and sayur bening.Moreover, the fresh leaves contain large nutritional properties, i.e., protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron (Leung et al., 1968).

CONCLUSION
Cleome chelidonii and C. rutidosperma were considered as additional species to the Cleome of Madura.Their existence in Madura island has never been noted and published before.These findings increase the total number of Cleome species on the island into five species.
Previously, the genus Cleome was only represented by three species in Madura island, namely Cleome aspera J.Koenig ex DC., Cleome gynandra L., and Cleome viscosa L.