ANALISIS YURIDIS TANGGUNG JAWAB BANK ATAS TINDAK FRAUD PADA TRANSAKSI MOBILE BANKING SERTA UPAYA PENEGAKAN HUKUMNYA

Abstract

Abstrak

Kemajuan teknologi informasi telah mentransformasi sistem pembayaran konvensional menjadi elektronik non-tunai, dengan mobile banking sebagai terobosan penting dalam layanan perbankan, namun kemudahan ini diiringi munculnya risiko keamanan siber seperti kejahatan sniffing yang menargetkan data sensitif pengguna, sedangkan regulasi hukum yang ada belum sepenuhnya memadai dalam memberikan perlindungan optimal terhadap nasabah yang menjadi korban fraud mobile banking. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara yuridis kemungkinan tuntutan ganti rugi perdata oleh nasabah yang mengalami kerugian akibat fraud pada transaksi mobile banking serta mengkaji upaya penegakan hukum untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum optimal bagi nasabah pengguna layanan mobile banking. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, dimana data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan metode interpretasi sistematis dan teleologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab bank terhadap kerugian nasabah akibat fraud sangat bergantung pada penyebab kejahatan tersebut, dimana ketika fraud disebabkan kelemahan sistem keamanan bank, maka bank dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban berdasarkan prinsip wanprestasi dan perbuatan melawan hukum, sementara Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen dan POJK memperkuat posisi nasabah, namun pembuktian menjadi tantangan utama. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa perlindungan optimal nasabah mobile banking memerlukan pendekatan komprehensif meliputi koordinasi antar lembaga, implementasi teknologi keamanan terkini, edukasi berkelanjutan, dan pengembangan sistem hukum yang responsif terhadap perkembangan teknologi.

Kata Kunci : Tanggung jawab bank, fraud, mobile banking, Perbankan

Abstract

Advances in information technology have transformed conventional payment systems into electronic cashless systems, with mobile banking representing a significant breakthrough in banking services. However, this convenience is accompanied by emerging cybersecurity risks, such as sniffing attacks that target sensitive user data, while existing legal regulations are not yet fully adequate in providing optimal protection for customers who become victims of mobile banking fraud. This study aims to analyze the legal possibilities for civil compensation claims by customers who suffer losses due to fraud in mobile banking transactions and to examine legal enforcement efforts that provide optimal legal protection for customers using mobile banking services. The study employs a normative legal method with legislative and case study approaches, where data is collected through literature reviews of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, then analyzed qualitatively using systematic and teleological interpretation methods. The results indicate that a bank's liability for customer losses due to fraud depends heavily on the cause of the crime. When fraud results from weaknesses in the bank's security system, the bank may be held liable based on principles of breach of contract and unlawful acts. While Consumer Protection Law and POJK (Financial Services Authority Regulation) strengthen the customer's position, burden of proof remains the main challenge. The study concludes that optimal protection for mobile banking customers requires a comprehensive approach, including inter-agency coordination, implementation of the latest security technologies, continuous education, and development of a legal system that is responsive to technological developments.

Keywords: Bank liability, fraud, mobile banking, banking law, cybersecurity, consumer protection