PERAN WTO DALAM MEMBANGUN PENEGAKAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP PROTEKSIONISME (STUDI KASUS: SENGKETA DAGANG ROKOK KRETEK INDONESIA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/rir.v2i1.15422Abstract
Indonesia’s objection to the United States (US) over a clove ban in 2010 was one of the most difficult trade dispute cases that Indonesia has ever submitted. The dispute between both countries in the clove cigarettes negotiations was actually completed in 2014 after the two countries agreed on mutual understanding (MoU) related to cigarettes. Indonesia's victory over the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) by the World Trade Organization (WTO) shows the enforcement of international law in intervening in a country's domestic policies.Although it took great deal of time, Indonesia's victory over US becomes a lesson learned. This victory proves the role of the WTO in resolving trade dispute cases and refutes the notion of a superpower in particular the US being immune to the international law. US domestic trade policies that impose a ban on clove cigarettes have deviated from WTO rules and have harmed Indonesia as a producerDownloads
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References
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wt/ds406/*)&Language=ENGLISH&Context=FomerScriptedSearch&languageUIChang
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Clove Cigarettes. American University International Law Review, 26(2), 515–541.
http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr
Biersteker, T., Spiro, P., Sriram, C., & Raffo, V. (2006). International law and international
relations: bridging theory and practice.
Bisnis Indonesia. (2019). Ekspor Rokok Kretek: Giliran Brazil ancam Rokok Indonesia.
http://www.solopos.com/2012/ekonomi-bisnis/ekspor-rokok-kretek-giliran-brazil -
ancam-rokok-indonesia-178028
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https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/problem/toll-us/
CDC. (2019). Economic Trend in Tobacco.
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m
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Consumption of Cigarettes and
Combustible Tobacco — United States, 2000–2011.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6130a1.htm#tab1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Bidis and Kreteks.
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/tobacco_industry/bidis_kreteks/
index.htm
Chichilnisky, G., Heal, G., & Graciela, C. (1986). The evolving international economy.
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Graciela+Chichilnisky,+Geoffrey+M.+Heal&ots=192tVBVXdX&sig=blFTy5Z2MtbHNZ9XFq2kof5zgTk
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Detiknews. (n.d.). Australia Menangkan Gugatan Indonesia di WTO. 30 Juni 2018. Retrieved
February 9, 2020, from https://news.detik.com/dw/d-4091371/australia-menangkangugatan-indonesia-di-wto
Erixon, F., & Sally, R. (2010). A Service of zbw TRADE, GLOBALISATION AND
EMERGING PROTECTIONISM SINCE THE CRISIS and Razeen Sally
([email protected]) are Directors and Founders of ECIPE.
http://hdl.handle.net/10419/174841www.econstor.eu
Evenett, S. J. (2019). Protectionism, state discrimination, and international business since the
onset of the Global Financial Crisis. Journal of International Business Policy, 2(1), 9–
36. https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-019-00021-0
Harrison, A., & Rodríguez-Clare, A. (2007). Trade, Foreign Investment, and Industrial
Policy. In itpc2015.ir. http://itpc2015.ir/Content/upload/Handbook November 29.pdf
ICTSD. (2000). WTO Rules in Favour of French Asbestos Ban; NGOs Remain Sceptical.
https://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges/news/wto-rules-in-favour-of-frenchasbestos-ban-ngos-remain-sceptical
Jati, G. P. (2014). Amerika Serikat dan Indonesia Sepakat Move On dari Kasus Rokok
Kretek. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20141007160128-78-5631/amerikaserikat-dan-indonesia-sepakat-move-on-dari-kasus-rokok-kretek
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https://economy.okezone.com/read/2010/12/12/320/402521/dpr-akan-bentuk-panjaindustri-tembakau
Katadata. (2016). Nilai Ekspor Tembakau ke Amerika Serikat 2000-2014.
https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2016/05/12/nilai-ekspor-tembakau-keamerika-serikat-2000-2014
Katadata. (2017). Candu Tembakau, Candu Penerimaan Negara.
https://katadata.co.id/analisis/2017/05/30/cukai-tembakau-candu-penerimaan-negara
Katadata. (2019). Tren Kenaikan Cukai Rokok 2020 Catat Kenaikan Tertinggi.
https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2019/09/16/tren-kenaikan-cukai-rokok-2020-
catat-kenaikan-tertinggi
Kementerian Pertanian. (2018). Kementan Tegaskan Indonesia Tidak Akan Impor Daging
Ayam dari Brazil. https://www.pertanian.go.id/home/?show=news&act=view&id=2649
Kennedy, D., & Southwick, J. (2002). The Political Economy of International Trade Law:
Essays in Honor of Robert E. Hudec.
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=f_m5IEfYoQgC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq
=The+Political+Economy+of+International+Trade+Law:+Essays+in+Honor+&ots=M5
pipVeWLQ&sig=AS2IiRK0KdHZ4ekP3PPzSIHdqYE
Kontan. (2019). Industri Hasil Tembakau Serap 5,98 Juta Tenaga Kerja.
https://pressrelease.kontan.co.id/release/industri-hasil-tembakau-serap-598-juta-tenagakerja
Media Indonesia. (2012). AS Diminta Jalani Putusan Rokok WTO Soal Kretek.
http://www.mediaindonesia.com/read/2012/04/05/310784/4/2/AS-Diminta-JalaniPutusan-Rokok-WTO-Soal-Kretek
Narlikar, A. (2010). The Round Table The politics of participation: Decision-making
processes and developing countries in the world trade organization. Taylor & Francis,
364, 171–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/00358530220134851
Reich, A. (2018). The effectiveness of the WTO dispute settlement system: A statistical
analysis. In Perspectives in Law, Business and Innovation (pp. 1–43). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1080-5_1
Reus-Smit, C. (2004). The Politics Of International Law.
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=yTIUGdjATgEC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&d
q=the+politics+of+international+law&ots=1Hx35rX8vd&sig=MumAbBwZC5WZfYaB
bR8SROkxXSc
Statista. (2019). U.S. population: Most smoked brands of cigarettes from 2011 to 2019.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/285277/preferred-brands-of-cigarettes-in-the-ustrend/
Stiglitz, J. ., & Charlton, A. (2005). Fair trade for all: How trade can promote development.
Oxford University Press.
TCSC. (2015). Fact Sheet Peningkatan Cukai Tembakau dan Dampak Perekonomian.
http://tcsc-indonesia.org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/08/Peningkatan_Cukai_Tembakau.pdf
Tempo. (2012). Kretek di Negeri Koboi. https://majalah.tempo.co/read/ekonomi-danbisnis/139351/kretek-di-negeri-koboi
Tobacco Free For Kids. (2020). Trends in Tobacco Industry Marketing.
https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/assets/factsheets/0156.pdf
University of Bath. (2020). Philip Morris.
https://www.tobaccotactics.org/index.php/Philip_Morris
US Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control
Act - An Overview. https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/rules-regulations-andguidance/family-smoking-prevention-and-tobacco-control-act-overview
Walker, A. (2019). Trade disputes settlement system facing crisis.
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50681431
Winickoff, J. P., McMillen, R. C., Vallone, D. M., Pearson, J. L., Tanski, S. E., Dempsey, J.
H., Healton, C., Klein, J. D., & Abrams, D. (2011). US attitudes about banning menthol
in cigarettes: Results from a nationally representative survey. American Journal of
Public Health, 101(7), 1234–1236. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300146
WTO. (1986). The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1947).
https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/gatt47_e.pdf
WTO. (1995a). Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.
https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/17-tbt_e.htm#art2
WTO. (1995b). Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures.
https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/15sps_01_e.htm#art3
WTO. (2001). WTO Agreement and Public Health.
https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/who_wto_e.pdf
WTO. (2013). United States – Measures Affecting The Production And Sale Of Clove
Cigarettes Recourse To Article 22.2 Of The Dsu By Indonesia.
https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/FE_Search/FE_S_S006.aspx?Query=(@Symbol=
wt/ds406/*)&Language=ENGLISH&Context=FomerScriptedSearch&languageUIChang
ed=true#
WTO. (2020a). A unique contribution.
https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/disp1_e.htm
WTO. (2020b). Appellate procedures.
https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/ab_procedures_e.htm
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Published
2020-08-20
How to Cite
Bachtiar, F. R. (2020). PERAN WTO DALAM MEMBANGUN PENEGAKAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP PROTEKSIONISME (STUDI KASUS: SENGKETA DAGANG ROKOK KRETEK INDONESIA). Review of International Relations (Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hubungan Internasional), 2(1), 40–57. https://doi.org/10.24252/rir.v2i1.15422
