DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MATHEMATICS IN THE QUR'AN FOR ISLAMIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

: One of the core competencies expected from students at the Islamic Junior High School level is a spiritual attitude displayed in every subject, including mathematics. Spiritual competence in learning mathematics can be achieved by integrating mathematics with religion, so integrative teaching material references are needed. This research aims to develop an encyclopedia of mathematics in the Qur’an as a valid and practical reference for integrative teaching materials. The method used is research and development with a 4D model (define, design, develop, disseminate). The quality of the product being developed is measured from validity and practicality. The validity aspect is assessed by expert validators, including material, religious, media, and language experts. Meanwhile, the practical aspect is assessed by practitioners. The data collected includes the results of validity and practicality questionnaires and qualitative data in the form of suggestions from validators. The research instruments used were questionnaires of feasibility, practicality, and recommendations or input sheets. This study shows that the average questionnaire score from all experts shows valid criteria with a score of 84.10%. The average questionnaire score from teacher practitioners showed high criteria with a score of 84.37% and student responses showed very high criteria with a score of 85.41%. Based on these results, the developed encyclopedia of mathematics in the Qur’an is valid and practical.


INTRODUCTION
n accordance with Law Number 20 of 2003, national education aims to develop the potential of students to become human beings who have faith and devotion to God Almighty, have noble character, are healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent, and become democratic and responsible citizens.This goal covers the affective (attitude), cognitive (knowledge), and psychomotor (skill) domains (Magdalena, Islami, Rasid, & Diasty, 2020).What needs to be underlined from this goal is to produce people who believe and are devout (Noor, 2018;Bahri, 2021).So, one of education's main goals is to develop knowledge and increase students' faith and devotion.
Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 2016 presents the core competencies of spiritual attitudes, social attitudes, knowledge, and skills.At the Islamic Junior High school, it is emphasized that spiritual attitude competency for mathematics material is that students can appreciate their religion's teachings (Asmarawati, Riyadi, & Sujadi, 2016;Hartoyo, Nursangaji, & Suratman, 2019).This assertion aligns with the previously stated national education goals, so spiritual I competence is also expected to be developed through mathematics learning.Developing spiritual competence in mathematics learning can be done by integrating mathematics and religion (Safitri, Haryanto, & Rofiki, 2020).
In reality, based on research conducted by several previous researchers, the spiritual abilities of junior high school students still need to be improved.According to Susrizal (2017), the spiritual potential of students in one junior high school has not been maximized, with an indication that students have not shown their religious attitudes to students either through attitude, behavior, speech, or association.Meanwhile, according to Widiyawati, and Muhammad (2023), the cultivation of spiritual abilities in students in a junior high school is still hampered by rapid social change.As a result, poor cultivation of spiritual abilities causes irregularities in schools.Therefore, efforts are needed to improve students' spiritual abilities, one of which is using religiously integrated learning references.
Another reference in developing the integration of mathematics and religion can be an encyclopedia.Encyclopedias can provide broad and basic knowledge about a topic (Muzakki, Yuniasih, & Sakdiyah, 2020).Apart from that, encyclopedias can also increase motivation and provide new understanding for students (Erdawati 2018;Rochimah 2018;Romli, Sesanti, & Triwahyuningtyas, 2020).However, based on previous research studies conducted by Lestari (2019), it is stated that the use of encyclopedias for learning mathematics in Islamic boarding schools is still minimal.
The development of this encyclopedia is important because it is known that the learning resources used by teachers are generally less varied, namely using mathematics textbooks (Zhafirah & Aisiah, 2019).In addition, the limitations of developing a mathematics encyclopedia in the Qur'an lie in specific mathematical topics.This statement is strengthened based on the results of previous research, that the development carried out was limited only to flat building materials (Pratiwi, 2015), and spatial building materials (Lestari 2019;Romli, Sesanti, & Triwahyuningtyas, 2020).This means that there is still no development of a mathematics encyclopedia in the Qur'an that involves several topics at the Islamic Junior High School level.Thus, it is necessary to update the mathematics encyclopedia in the Qur'an for the Islamic Junior High School level.

METHODS
This research will develop a product in the form of an encyclopedia of mathematics in the Qur'an.Therefore, this research uses Research and Development.The development model chosen is a 4D model, which contains the stages of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating (Puspasari, 2019).At the definition stage, a needs analysis is carried out referring to the curriculum and various relevant sources.At the design stage, the design of the encyclopedia that will be developed includes the depth of the material that will be included.At the development stage, the development of the encyclopedia begins until a product called prototype one is obtained.
This prototype is then assessed by experts to determine the validity or suitability of the product.Based on the results of the assessment and expert input, prototype one was revised to produce prototype 2. In this way, the desired final encyclopedia product would be produced.To get a quality prototype, it is necessary to test quality aspects.Hamzah (2021) said that in developing a product, its quality can be tested through the validity and practicality values of the validator.Therefore, in this study, researchers used the validity and practicality scores of the selected validators to determine the quality of the encyclopedia developed.Next, at the dissemination stage, researchers disseminate the product through scientific seminar forums, register the product on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), and collaborate with book publishers.
The validity aspect is measured from assessments by expert validators.Expert validators in this research include (a) 1 material expert, (b) 1 religious expert, (c) 1 media expert, (d) 1 language expert, and (e) 6 practitioners.All experts come from the lecturer element, and practitioners come from the mathematics teacher and students in grades 7, 8, and 9.The criteria for each expert and practitioner are a minimum of a master's degree and experience in the field for at least five years.Then, the practical aspect is an assessment from the mathematics teacher and student response questionnaire after being given the Encyclopedia.Thus, the data collected includes the results of validity and practicality questionnaires as well as qualitative data in the form of suggestions or input from validators.Meanwhile, the research instruments are a feasibility, practicality questionnaire, and a suggestion or input sheet.The questionnaire uses a Likert scale with four scales: very good (4), good (3), not good (2), and very bad (1).Data in the form of questionnaire results were analyzed using simple quantitative techniques using the following formula.

< 49% Invalid
Practicality analysis follows the same steps as validity data analysis.The practical aspect refers to the category of validity assessment by expert validators in table 1.These criteria were adopted from research by Irawan and Hakim (2021).
Violina Almaghfiroh 1) , Muhammad Azrul Efendy 2) , Novia Mar'atur Rosyidah 3) , Abdussakir 3) 290| Volume 11, No 2, December 2023 Data in the form of suggestions or input, as well as the results of interviews with validators, will be analyzed qualitatively.Things that need to be improved in the encyclopedia according to suggestions or input are considered and adjusted to the developments carried out.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results and discussion of the research are presented based on the development model used, namely 4D.The description of the research results is as follows.

Description of The Defined Stage a. Front-end Analysis
The data from this stage is the result of extracting information from several sources related to real problems that occur in learning.Some sources referred to include mathematics teachers and students at the Islamic boarding school level.Apart from exploring these sources, the author also obtained information through a preliminary survey at tsanawiyah madrasas.
Based on extracting information from mathematics teachers, several pieces of information were obtained.Mathematical material at the Islamic Junior High School level is adapted to the developmental stage of children who are starting to be able to think abstract concepts.Apart from that, the material for grades 7, 8, and 9 has continuity, so it requires a complete understanding of each material.The material taught in class refers to the independent curriculum.In learning, teachers use handbooks and teaching materials that they make themselves.
Based on school information, teachers only use limited teaching materials (Rahmadhani & Wahyuni, 2020).This makes students often feel bored with the learning resources used by teachers.Students tend to like reading books that present material concisely without being long-winded.Furthermore, students are often confused by the different concepts presented from several sources, resulting in difficulty understanding the material independently.
In line with information from the school, researchers conducted preliminary observations to analyze learning needs.From the observation activities, researchers obtained information that student learning resources in the form of printed books were still lacking.Students only rely on references from the handbook as a learning resource in class.Moreover, in Islamic-based schools, there is still no reference for mathematics material integrated with religious values.With the existence of a mathematics encyclopedia in the Qur'an, it can be used by teachers as inspiration in conducting integrated mathematics learning.As for students, this encyclopedia is useful as an additional insight into the verses of the Qur'an that contain mathematical concepts.This encyclopedia can be utilized by teachers and students because it contains excerpts of Qur'anic verses, translations, and explanations.The coverage of the material contained is also mostly from grade 7, 8, and 9 material.This makes students unfamiliar with integrated mathematics material and questions.

b. Student Analysis
The students who are targeted for using this encyclopedia are all students who are currently studying at the Islamic Junior High School level of education.Students at Islamic Junior High School are expected to have more grades than other students.This is because more Islamic religious subjects are taught than students in schools in general so that students have broader and deeper religious knowledge.Knowledge about religion is the initial capital to study integrated mathematics material, especially mathematics in the Qur'an (Mahmudah, 2022).By incorporating religious values into mathematics material, students are expected to be able to master mathematics while also practicing religious values.

c. Material Analysis
The materials taught were obtained Based on the curriculum analysis and beginning-to-end analysis.The material taught to grade 7 students includes integers, rational numbers, ratios, algebraic forms, congruence, data, and diagrams.The material taught to grade 8 students includes simplifying algebraic forms, systems of linear equations in two variables, linear functions, investigating the properties of geometric figures, triangles and quadrilaterals, and probability.Meanwhile, the material taught to grade 9 students includes description and factoring, square roots, quadratic equations, quadratic functions, congruence, circles, the Pythagorean theorem, and sample surveys.If you look at the pattern, the material in grades 7 to 9 is interconnected, and the higher the level, the higher the level of complexity.

Description of The Design Stage
At the design stage, researchers create a draft encyclopedia first.The draft contains content that will be included in the encyclopedia, namely the foreword, table of contents, content, and bibliography.In creating this draft, the researcher studied various references regarding verses related to mathematical concepts.After that, the researcher studied each verse to ensure there were mathematical concepts, especially material at the Islamic boarding school level.Some of the math materials at the junior high school level contained in the Qur'an are presented in table 3.Then, the researcher briefly and clearly explained the mathematical concepts in each verse to make it easier for students to understand them.Researchers also explain the material discussed by referring to scientific references.Finally, the researcher sorted the verses containing mathematical concepts based on the order of the material in the existing curriculum.
After completing the encyclopedia draft, the researcher designed the front cover, contents, and back cover.This stage contains several stages of developing a draft encyclopedia, including:

a. Media Selection
The appropriate media for the study results from several articles, books, and references relevant to the topic of mathematics in the Qur'an is the printed media encyclopedia.Mathematics encyclopedia developed using Canva software.Canva is a graphic design application program.Researchers use this application to develop parts of editing the encyclopedia's front page cover, contents, and back cover.Figure 1 shows the front cover of the developed encyclopedia.The choice of format for a mathematics encyclopedia in the Qur'an is adapted to the rules for compiling encyclopedias in general.Based on the KBBI, encyclopedias can be arranged systematically alphabetically (A-Z) or thematically.In the development by researchers, the encyclopedia structure uses a thematic arrangement, namely sorting based on material from grade 7 to grade 9.

c. Initial design for a mathematical encyclopedia in the Qur'an
The initial design aims to determine the product's design concept.The initial draft of the mathematics encyclopedia in the Qur'an was as follows: 1) Initial cover design The encyclopedia cover contains the title, author's name, and images relevant to the encyclopedia's contents.The results of the cover design can be seen in figure 1.

2) Initial draft of the foreword
The foreword contains the author's remarks.The preface begins with thanksgiving, thanks to various parties concerned, a brief description of the encyclopedia's contents, and a request for criticism and suggestions regarding the encyclopedia.

3) Initial design of the table of contents display
The table of contents contains the order of the contents of the encyclopedia.The contents are arranged based on chapters in the encyclopedia accompanied by the correct page order.Details of the encyclopedia's table of contents can be seen in figure 2. Each mathematical material in the encyclopedia contains a brief description and classification of each verse and its meaning, which has mathematical concepts.Then, the relationship is explained, namely, each material and verse of the Qur'an.More details can be seen in figure 3.

Description of The Development Stage
At the product development stage, researchers describe the results of developing the encyclopedia.The following describes the results of developing a mathematics encyclopedia for the Islamic Junior High School level.

Physical form Title
Applications used Display size Many pages : Print media : Ensiklopedia Matematika dalam al-Qur'an untuk Jenjang Islamic Junior High School : Microsoft Office Word and Canva : 126 × 250 mm : 51 pages After designing the encyclopedia, the output of this stage is prototype one, which experts will validate.This encyclopedia was validated from several aspects, namely mathematical material, integration of the Qur'an, design, and language.The specifications of the validators are by the assessment aspect.The validator for mathematics material is a mathematics lecturer with a doctorate.The validator for integrating the Qur'an is a lecturer in Al-Qur'an science and tafsir with a doctorate.The validators for the design are professors in the field of computer science.Meanwhile, the validator for language is an Indonesian language lecturer.The validators carry out assessments using validation and suggestion sheets.
Several aspects of the feasibility of assessing the encyclopedia developed in this research include material aspects, verses from the Qur'an, design, and language.Arifin (2009) states that the appropriateness of teaching materials consists of material, presentation, language, and graphics.The Islamic component in verses from the Qur'an is an additional component because the encyclopedia in this research contains mathematical material from the Qur'an.
On the material aspect, the material validator provided several comments and suggestions.One of these suggestions is explaining the brief description of the number material.Researchers are not allowed to discuss or mention sets first because they have not previously discussed sets.Apart from that, in the collection material, a comment was made that the definition used needed to be completed.Furthermore, it is recommended to add explanations regarding number operations in the algebra material and its operations.

Before Revision After Revision
Sets can be defined The set is undefined On the design aspect, the design validator provided several comments and suggestions.The front cover already describes mathematics and the Qur'an, but there are no encyclopedia illustration elements.Then, the size of Arabic writing must be more significant than Latin writing.Apart from that, the contents of an encyclopedia are better if they are equipped with pictures, tables, or graphs.

Before Revision After Revision
The cover does not contain elements that describe an encyclopedia The cover includes elements that depict an encyclopedia In the integration aspect, the Integration validator provides comments and suggestions.The verse used in social arithmetic material is QS.Ali Imran verse 130 was changed to QS. Yusuf verse 20.Apart from that, the verse used in the one-variable linear equation material is QS.ar-Ra'du verse 16 was altered to QS. al-Mujadilah verse 7, QS. ash-Shaffat verse 147, al-Muzammil verse 20, and QS.an-Nisa' verses 11-12.The validator also commented on the verses that contain the concept of number, that it must be ensured that the number mentioned is not an ordinal number or expresses a level.This is because not all the numbers contained in the Qur'an mean numbers.For example, in QS.Al-Ikhlas verse 1, the word " " means one.However, it does not indicate a number, because the meaning of "one" in this verse is an attribute of Allah.Therefore, the researcher ensures that all the numbers listed in this encyclopedia contain the meaning of "number", not properties, ordinal numbers, or anything else.

Before After
The verse that contains the concept of social arithmetic is QS.Ali Imran, verse 130 The verse that includes the idea of social arithmetic is QS.Yusuf verse 20 In the language aspect, the Language validator commented on the encyclopedia's writing.You need to pay attention to the use of punctuation, italics, capital letters, and the choice of diction.You also need to pay attention to the arrangement of sentences so that they are connected, making it easier for readers to understand them.To make it easier for readers to understand the suggestions given by each validator, the researchers made a recapitulation of each suggestion in table 7. all comments and suggestions given by the validators to make revisions to the developed math encyclopedia.Furthermore, all the values obtained from the validators were calculated by the formula determined in the research method to determine the validity of the product, more details can be seen in table 8. From the average assessment from the validators in Table 8, the final score was 84.10%, so it can be said that the mathematics encyclopedia in the Qur'an is in the valid or suitable category for use.The validity results obtained by researchers are the same as the validation procedures carried out by Cahya (2020) the validity value is 98.67% which is obtained based on a questionnaire given to expert validators.
Furthermore, the practicality of this encyclopedia is based on the assessment of practitioners or mathematics teachers and students at the Islamic Junior High School level.The practitioners involved in this practicality assessment were three mathematics teachers at Islamic Junior High School Nurul Huda, Ngajum District, Malang Regency.The practitioners came from 7th, 8th, and 9th grade math teachers.The scores of the three practitioners are presented in the following table.The students involved in the encyclopedia practicality assessment are three students at Nurul Huda Junior High School consisting of a student from grade 7, a student from grade 8, and a student from grade 9.The scores of the three students are presented in the following table.Based on tables 9 and 10, the practicality score from teachers is 84.37% and from students, it is 85.41%.This value is obtained from assessments which include the content components of the material in the encyclopedia and the attractiveness of the presentation of the material.So it can be said that the mathematics encyclopedia in the Qur'an is in the practical category.This practical result is in line with Lestari (2018) title development of a flat building encyclopedia for 5th grade students.

Description of The Disseminate Stage
The author carries out the dissemination stage by registering the product on Intellectual Property Rights (HaKI).This is done to avoid unwanted things, such as plagiarism.After that, this encyclopedia will be published as a book with ISBN.Efforts made by researchers are collaborating with one of the book publishers.After being published as a book, several copies will be donated to libraries, especially the central library of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.

CONCLUSION
Based on the presentation of the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the Encyclopedia of Mathematics in the Qur'an has been proven to be valid and feasible.The validity aspect based on expert assessment shows that the Encyclopedia developed is in the very valid category.The practical aspect based on the assessment of the mathematics teacher is high.The result of the development is a valid and practical Encyclopedia product of mathematics in the Qur'an so that it can be used as a reference source for students regarding integrative mathematics material at the Islamic Junior High School level.
Suggestions for further research are to continue by measuring the effect of using this Encyclopedia to improve students' mathematical literacy skills and religious values.Future researchers can also develop an Encyclopedia of mathematics in the Qur'an at a different level, namely for Islamic Senior High School.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thank you to Academic Writing, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, who has provided material support for this research.Then, thanks also to the supervisors who have guided and allowed researchers to carry out collaborative research, as well as all parties who have fully supported and been involved in this research.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Front cover design of the Encyclopedia of Mathematics in the Qur'an

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Initial Draft Table of Contents

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Initial Draft of the Contents an Encyclopedia

Table 1 .
Validity Questionnaire Assessment Level Qualification

Table 2 .
Practicality Questionnaire Assessment Level Qualifications

Table 3 .
The results of the analysis of math material contained in the Qur'an

Table 7 .
Recapitulation of The Validators Suggestion

Table 8 .
Recapitulation of Expert Validation

Table 9 .
Recapitulation of Assessments From Mathematics Teacher

Table 10 .
Recapitulation of Assessments From Students