Representasi Penindasan dan Perlawanan dalam Film “the Teacher (2023)” Karya Farah Nabulsi: Analisis Hegemoni dan Counter-Hegemony Antonio Gramsci

Abstract

This study examines the representation of oppression and resistance in Farah Nabulsi's film The Teacher (2023) through Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony and resistance. The film was chosen because it directly portrays the dynamics of Israeli colonial power and the forms of Palestinian resistance through its characters, dialogue, and narrative structure. The study aims to analyze (1) how the mechanisms of Israeli hegemony, namely coercion and consent, are represented in the film, and (2) how forms of Palestinian counter-hegemony are displayed through characters and social practices within it. A qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method was applied within the framework of the sociology of literature. Data in the form of visual scenes and verbal utterances were collected through observation and note-taking, then analyzed through the stages of description, classification, analysis, and interpretation. The findings show that coercion is represented through state and settler violence, home demolition, and spatial control through checkpoints, while consent is built through legal legitimation, administrative procedures, and the normalization of oppression in everyday discourse. Both mechanisms work simultaneously, forming what Gramsci terms the integral state. Meanwhile, Palestinian counter-hegemony is represented through the character of Basem as an organic intellectual, cultural resistance through coded language, the formation of a counter-historical bloc, cracks of hegemonic crisis among the younger generation, and personal sacrifice as symbolic capital of resistance. This study concludes that The Teacher represents domination and resistance not as two separate poles, but as two forces in constant negotiation within the everyday spaces of Palestinian life under occupation