Phytochemical Screening on Flavonoids and Flavonoid Contents of Dyera polyphylla (Miq.) Steenis Extracts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/al-kimia.v14i1.56205Keywords:
jelutung rawa, total flavonoid content, screening phytochemical, flavanoidAbstract
Abstract: Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that perform various biological activities commonly found in plants. This study aims to explore the flavonoid profile and determine the total flavonoid content in the leaf, stem wood, and bark extracts of jelutung rawa (Dyera polyphylla Miq.). Extraction was performed using a multistage maceration technique with three solvents: n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Flavonoid analysis was performed qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative analysis included phytochemical screening using specific reagents and HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), while total flavonoid content was determined by colourimetric method using a 10% AlCl₃ reagent. The results showed that the HPLC chromatograms of leaves and stem wood extracts had the same pattern and were more complex than the stemwood bark extract. Phytochemical screening produced positive reactions in all extracts, indicating the presence of flavonoids. Ethyl acetate, methanol, and crude methanol leaf extracts showed the presence of flavonoids of flavone, chalcone, and flavanone groups. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) tests also confirmed the presence of flavonoid compounds, with quercetin as the comparator compound. Quantitative analysis showed that ethyl acetate leaves extract had the highest total flavonoid content of 28.34 mg QE/g sample. Based on these results, it can be concluded that all extracts contain flavonoids and that leaf extracts show the most significant potential as the primary flavonoid source.
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