Constitutional Insufficiency in Renewable Energy Governance: Rethinking State Control Doctrine Under the Indonesian Constitution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/aldev.v8i1.68590Keywords:
constitutional insufficiency, energy governance, Hak Menguasai Negara, renewable energy, state control doctrineAbstract
This article examines Indonesia’s renewable energy governance deficit from a constitutional law perspective. Despite possessing renewable energy potential of approximately 3,686 GW, Indonesia achieved only 15.75% of its targeted 23% renewable energy mix by 2025. The article argues that this gap stems from the normative insufficiency of Article 4(2) of Law No. 30/2007, which provides that renewable energy is merely “governed by the state,” unlike fossil energy, which is “controlled by the state” under Article 4(1). Using normative legal research and the Constitutional Court’s five-function doctrine of Hak Menguasai Negara (HMN), the study introduces the concept of “constitutional insufficiency.” It finds that Article 4(2) reflects only the regulatory function of state control, limiting active state involvement and fostering “off-taker state” and “contract state” governance models that hinder energy transition. The article recommends legislative reconstruction through the ongoing Renewable Energy Bill (RUU EBET).
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