Legal Evidence in Cryptocurrency Transactions in Indonesia: Challenges the Admissibility of Digital Evidence in Dispute Resolution

Moh Faizin; Zhelin Armeta; Dhiya Salsabila

doi:10.24252/aldev.v8i2.70527

Authors

Moh Faizin Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang
Zhelin Armeta Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang
Dhiya Salsabila Management and Science University Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24252/aldev.v8i2.70527

Keywords:

Evidentiary Status, Blockchain Evidence, Civil Disputes, Cryptocurrency, Electronic Evidence

Abstract

This study examines the evidentiary status of cryptocurrency transactions in Indonesia and the admissibility of blockchain as electronic evidence in the settlement of civil disputes. It employs normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, analysing primary legal materials comprising the Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE) Law, the Civil Code, and Financial Services Authority (OJK) Regulations, read systematically against the technical characteristics of blockchain. The findings show that blockchain possesses immutability, transparency, and traceability that satisfy the material requirements of electronic evidence under the ITE Law. However, no evidentiary standards exist for authenticating wallet addresses, proving private key control, weighting transaction hashes, or verifying on-chain records at trial. This study proposes six points of reconstruction: recognition of blockchain as a lex specialis category of electronic evidence; recognition of wallet addresses as digital identities, including proof of control through digital signatures; regulation of smart contracts with human-readable terms; recognition of transaction hashes as electronic authentication instruments; formulation of cryptocurrency digital forensic standards under the Financial Services Authority; and a mechanism for the recognition of cross-jurisdictional evidence. The contribution lies in a reconstruction formulated at the level of operational mechanisms and directed at identified stakeholders and legal instruments.

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