Transformation of Male Domination Patterns in the Wahdah Islamiyah Movement: From Domination to Partnership-Controlled
Keywords:
Gender, Patriarchal Accommodation, Isomorphism, Women Negotiation, Agency, TransformationAbstract
This study examines gender relations within Wahdah Islamiyah, focusing on transforming patriarchal patterns. It explores alternative perspectives on women’s presence in public spaces, which are influenced by women’s awareness through strategies for utilizing resources, ideas, and capacities, in addition to external demands. Qualitative methods with case studies, theories of agency, and organizational change ‘isomorphism’ are employed to construct arguments by conducting a thorough examination of the context, process, and significance of the unit being examined. There are three phases to the investigation of the Wahdah Islamiyah movement, which is examined both before and following its transformation into an organization. Firstly, the initial phase of the 1980s was characterized by an exclusive pattern of domination. Secondly, a restricted adaptive pattern that developed during the expansion of da’wah to the public sphere in the 1990s. Thirdly, the controlled partnership pattern, which commences with the institutional transformation of Muslimah Wahdah in 2005 and is immediately followed by the strengthening of Muslimah’s negotiating position following the third congress in 2016. Transforming patriarchal patterns, which can be perceived as a negotiation of patriarchy, are shaped by external environmental factors and the presence of women’s agencies.
References
Affiah, N. D. (2017). Potret Perempuan Muslim Progresif Indonesia. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Andar Nubowo. (2020). Indonesian Hybrid Salafism. Routledge.
Andrews, A., & Shahrokni, N. (2014). Patriarchal Accommodations: Women’s Mobility and Policies of Gender Difference from Urban Iran to Migrant Mexico. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 43(2), 148–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241613516628
Bayat, A. (2007). A Women’s Non-Movement: What It Means to Be a Woman Activist in an Islamic State. In Comparative Studies of South Asia (Vol. 27, Issue 1). https://muse.jhu.edu/article/215891
Berenschot, W., & Klinken Van Gerry. (2019). Citizenship in Indonesia (Berenschot Ward & Klinken Van Gerry, Ed.). Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Blackburn, R. M., Browne, J., Brooks, B., & Jarman, J. (2002). Explaining gender segregation. The British Journal of Sociology, 53(4), 513–536. https://doi.org/10.1080/0007131022000021461
Bouras, N. (2017). From Salafi Preaching to Political Preaching: Women’s Turnout and the Evolution of Salafi Movements in Egypt. GENDER - Zeitschrift Für Geschlecht, Kultur Und Gesellschaft, 9, 30–43.
Chant, S., & Sweetman, C. (2012). Fixing women or fixing the world? “Smart economics”, efficiency approaches, and gender equality in development. Gender and Development, 20(3), 517–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2012.731812
Di Maggio, Paul J & Powell, Walter W, The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields, American Sociological Review, (1983), 147, 48 (2)
DPP Wahdah Islamiyah. (2016). Rencana Strategis WI 2016.
Dzuhayatin, S. R. (2016). Rezim Gender Muhammadiyah. Pustaka Pelajar.
El-Ghobashy, M. (2005). The metamorphosis of the Egyptian muslim brothers. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 37(3), 373–395. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743805052128
Fealy, G., & Bubbalo, A. (2007). Jejak Kafilah : Pengaruh Gerakan Radikalisme Timur Tengah ke Indonesia. Mizan.
Funari, P. P. A., & Senatore, M. X. (2015). Archaeology of culture contact and colonialism in Spanish and Portuguese America. In Archaeology of Culture Contact and Colonialism in Spanish and Portuguese America. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08069-7
Gallagher, S. K. (2007). Agency, resources, and identity: Lower-income women’s experiences in damascus. Gender and Society, 21(2), 227–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243206296990
Gerring, J. (2004). What Is a Case Study and What Is It Good for? In American Political Science Review (Vol. 98, Issue 2).
Hasan, N. (2007). The Salafi Movement in Indonesia: Transnational Dynamics and Local Development. In Comparative Studies of South Asia (Vol. 27, Issue 1). https://muse.jhu.edu/article/215898
Hasyim, S. (2010). Bebas dari Patriarkhi Islam. Kata Kita.
Hegghammer, T., & Lacroix, S. (2007). Rejectionist Islamism in Saudi Arabia: The Story of. In Source: International Journal of Middle East Studies (Vol. 39, Issue 1). https://www.jstor.org/stable/4129114?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents
Iannaccone, L. R., & Miles, C. A. (1990). Dealing with Social Change: The Mormon Chui h’s Response to Change in Women’s Roles* Downloaded from (Vol. 68, Issue 4). North Carolina Press Social Forces. http://sf.oxfordjournals.org/
James-Hawkins, L., Qutteina, Y., & Yount, K. M. (2017). The Patriarchal Bargain in a Context of Rapid Changes to Normative Gender Roles: Young Arab Women’s Role Conflict in Qatar. Sex Roles, 77(3–4), 155–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0708-9
Jurdi, S. (2007). Sejarah Wahdah Islamiyah: Sebuah Geliat Ormas Islam di Era Transisi. Kreasi Wacana.
Jurdi, S. (2021). Wahdah Islamiyah dan Gerakan Islam Indonesia : Sejarah, Perkembangan dan Transformasi Gerakan Islam. Gamasurya.
Kabeer, N. (2005). Gender equality and women’s empowerment: A critical analysis of the third Millennium Development Goal. Gender and Development, 13(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552070512331332273
Kawarazuka, N., Locke, C., & Seeley, J. (2019). Women bargaining with patriarchy in coastal Kenya: contradictions, creative agency and food provisioning. Gender, Place and Culture, 26(3), 384–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2018.1552559
Krismono. (2012). Ekonomi Politik Salafisme di Kepakisan. UIN Sunan Kalijaga Press.
Le Renard, A. B. on (work). (2014). A society of young women : opportunities of place, power, and reform in Saudi Arabia.
Millet, K. (1977). Sexual Politics. Virago.
Moghadam, V. M. (2013). Modernizing women gender and social change in the Middle East.
Moghissi, H. (1999). Feminism and Islamic Fundamentalism: The Limits of Postmodern Analysis. Zed Book, LTD.
Mujahiduddin, by. (2019). Indonesian Women’s Involvement in Islamist Movements: From Da’wa To Women’s Empowerment.
Mulia, M. (2007). Menuju Kemandirian Politik Perempuan. Kibar Press.
muslimahwahdah.or.id. (2021). Ketua MUI Bidang Perempuan Edukasi Peran Muslimah, Ketua Muslimah Wahdah Sebut 41.000 Muslimah Telah Berkontribusi. Muslimahwahdah.or.Id. https://muslimahwahdah.or.id/ketua-mui-bidang-perempuan-edukasi-peran-muslimah-ketua-muslimah-wahdah-sebut-41-000-muslimah-telah-berkontribusi/
Natsir, L. M., & Meuleman, J. H. (1993). Wanita Islam Indoenesia dalam Kajian Tekstual dan Kontekstual. INIS.
Nielsen, R. A. (2019). Women’s Authority in Patriarchal Social Movements: The Case of Female Salafi Preachers. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/6YNZTE
Nuroniyah, W. (2017). Dekonstruksi Hijab (Kajian Sosio-Historis terhadap Konstruksi Hukum Hijab dalam Islam). Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 11(2), 263–280. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v11i2.1301
Odok, G. E. (2020). Disruption of patriarchy in northern Islamic Nigeria. Gender, Place and Culture, 27(12), 1663–1681. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2019.1693346
Pall, Z. (2013). Lebanese Salafis between the Gulf and Europe Development, Fractionalization and Transnational Networks of Salafism in Lebanon.
Parvez, Z. F. (2016). Prayer and pedagogy: Redefining education among Salafist Muslim women in France. Journal of Religious and Political Practice, 2(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/20566093.2016.1085245
Rahmat, I. (2018). Islamisme di Era Transisi Demokrasi: Pengalaman Indonesia dan Mesir. LKiS.
Rakoczy, S. (2004). Religion and violence: the suffering of women. Agenda, 18(61), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2004.9676037
Ruslin, I. T. (2024). Controlled Change: Relasi Gender di Gerakan Salafisme Kontemporer. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Ruslin, I.T (2024b). Hijab Restricts Men: An Analysis of patriarchal bargain in the contemporary salafism movement. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0241631
Saadawi, N. El. (2011). Perempuan Dalam Budaya Patriarki. Pustaka Pelajar.
Salem, R., & Yount, K. M. (2019). Structural accommodations of patriarchy: Women and workplace gender segregation in Qatar. Gender, Work and Organization, 26(4), 501–519. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12361
Sing, B., & Qodir, Z. (2015). Gerakan Islam Non-Mainstream dan Kebangkitan Islam Politik di Indonesia. Pustaka Pelajar.
Solati, F. (n.d.). Women, Work, and Patriarchy in the Middle East and North Africa.
Standing, G. (1999). Global Feminization Through Flexible Labor: A Theme Revisited, World Development . 27(3), 583–602.
Tahir, M., & Triantini, S. (2014). MENAKAR KONTEKSTUALISASI KONSEP JILBAB DALAM ISLAM (Vol. 8).
Tønnessen, L. (2010). Is Islam a Threshold for Escape or an Insurmountable Barrier? Women Bargaining with Patriarchy in Post-Islamist Sudan. www.weekly.ahram.org.eg/2002/569/cul
Tønnessen, L. (2016). Ansar al-Sunna and Women’s Agency in Sudan: A Salafi Approach to Empowerment through Gender Segregation. In Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies (Vol. 37, Issue 3). https://muse.jhu.edu/article/634364
Wahid, D. (2014). Nurturing Salafi Manhaj: A Study of Salafy Pesantren in Contemporary Indonesia. Wacana, 15(2).
Wiktorowicz, Q. (2006). Anatomy of the Salafi movement. In Studies in Conflict and Terrorism (Vol. 29, Issue 3, pp. 207–239). https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100500497004
Yusuf, M. (2015). Kepemimpinan Perempuan Dalam Perspektif Kearifan Lokal: Pemikiran Ulama Bugis Dan Budaya Bugis Women Leadership in Local Wisdom Perspective: Bugis Muslims Scholars’ Thought and Bugis Culture.
