Etika Kritik Perawi Dalam Tradisi Ilmu Al-Jarḥ Wa Al-Ta’dīl Dan Relevansinya Terhadap Etika Akademik

Abstract

The science of al-Jarḥ wa al-Ta'dīl is one of the important branches of hadith studies that evaluates the credibility of hadith transmitters in order to preserve the authenticity of the Prophet's traditions. Existing studies on al-Jarḥ wa al-Ta'dīl have primarily focused on the methodological aspects of narrator evaluation, whereas the ethical dimensions underlying the practice of narrator criticism have received relatively limited scholarly attention, particularly in relation to contemporary academic ethics. This study aims to analyze the concept of narrator criticism in the science of al-Jarḥ wa al-Ta'dīl, examine the ethical principles employed by hadith scholars in evaluating narrators, and explain their relevance to modern academic ethics. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method with a qualitative approach through library research. Primary data were obtained from classical works, including Al-Jarḥ wa al-Ta'dīl by Ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī, Al-Kifāyah fī 'Ilm al-Riwāyah by al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Mīzān al-I'tidāl by al-Dhahabī, as well as several other classical hadith works, while secondary data were drawn from scholarly books and journal articles on hadith studies and academic ethics. The findings reveal that the practice of al-Jarḥ wa al-Ta'dīl is founded upon the principles of objectivity, academic honesty, prudence, evidence-based reasoning, and moral responsibility in preserving the authenticity of hadith. These principles demonstrate a strong relevance to the core values of contemporary academic ethics, particularly research objectivity, academic honesty, data verification, evidence-based criticism, and academic integrity. Therefore, the tradition of narrator criticism within the framework of al-Jarḥ wa al-Ta'dīl serves not only as a mechanism for hadith authentication but also as a valuable source of inspiration for strengthening a culture of academic integrity.