Konsep Jiwa dalam Tasawuf Islam Sebagai Jawaban Atas Krisis Spiritual Manusia Modern

Abstract

This study was motivated by the increasing mental and spiritual crisis of modern humans, which could not be adequately explained by conventional psychological approaches that tend to be reductionistic. The main problem addressed in this study was how the concept of the soul in the Islamic perspective could be comprehensively understood and its relevance in addressing contemporary existential crises. This study aimed to critically examine the concept of the soul in Islamic thought by exploring the relationship between nafs, ruh, qalb, and ‘aql, as well as its implications for spiritual development and mental health. This study employed a qualitative approach with a library research design through descriptive-critical analysis of classical and contemporary literature. The findings indicated that the concept of the soul in Islam was integrative, encompassing moral, rational, and spiritual dimensions that were interconnected. Tazkiyat al-nafs was identified as the primary process in achieving inner balance and the formation of the ideal human being. Furthermore, the modern human crisis was fundamentally rooted in the disconnection from spiritual orientation toward God, thus the proposed solution required not only psychological intervention but also a holistic spiritual reconstruction. This study concluded that the Islamic concept of the soul holds strong relevance as an alternative paradigm for developing spiritually based education and mental health frameworks.