Musrenbang sebagai Tradisi Deliebrasi Politik: Kajian Filsafat Politik Islam dan Tata Kelola Partisipatif

Abstract

Development Planning Deliberation, widely known as Musrenbang, is a participatory planning mechanism mandated by Law Number 25 of 2004, yet empirically it frequently operates as an administrative ritual that has lost its deliberative substance. Two decades of critical inquiry have consistently identified local elite dominance, the absence of marginalized groups, and decisions already settled before the forum convened. This study aimed to trace the conceptual genealogy of Musrenbang back to the political deliberation model of the Prophet Muhammad in Medina, to analyze the transformations that occurred along that transmission line, and to identify the reformative implications of this perspective. The study employed a comparative-historical political philosophy approach through textual analysis of classical Islamic political philosophy sources, policy documents, and contemporary participatory governance literature. The analytical framework was constructed from the thought of Al-Farabi, Ibn Khaldun, Al-Ghazali, and Al-Shatibi, juxtaposed with deliberative democracy and participatory governance theory. The findings revealed that Musrenbang possesses a genealogy traceable through three indirect transmission lines, namely the Medinan syura tradition, classical Islamic political philosophy, and the acculturation of Islamic values with the indigenous deliberative traditions of the archipelago constitutionalized in the fourth principle of Pancasila. The analysis identified four structural distortions, that is asymmetry of ashabiyyah, epistemic inversion, betrayal of amanah, and disorientation of maqashid, which cause Musrenbang to operate as a madinah fasiqah in Al-Farabi's sense. This genealogical understanding opens a reform agenda for Musrenbang grounded not only in technical-administrative arguments but also in normative legitimacy rooted in Islamic tradition and the deliberative culture of the archipelago.