Estetika Pragmatis John Dewey dalam Analisis Lukisan Prasejarah Gua Leang Tedongnge

Abstract

This study examines the aesthetic value of prehistoric paintings in Leang Tedongnge Cave, Pangkep Regency, from the perspective of John Dewey’s aesthetics, particularly his concept of art as experience. This qualitative research employs philosophical and aesthetic approaches. Primary data were obtained through direct observation and visual documentation, while secondary data were drawn from literature on prehistoric art, philosophy of art, and John Dewey’s aesthetic thought. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and library research, and subsequently analyzed using a descriptive-interpretative method supported by a hermeneutic approach. The findings indicate that the figurative paintings of the Sulawesi warty pig and human hand stencils possess strong aesthetic value reflected in their form, color, composition, and symbolism. These paintings function not only as visual representations but also as expressions of prehistoric human experiences in interacting with nature and their environment. From John Dewey’s perspective, the paintings can be understood as art emerging from the integrated interaction between humans, the environment, and meaningful lived experiences. Therefore, the prehistoric paintings in Leang Tedongnge Cave should not be regarded merely as archaeological artifacts, but also as complete and living aesthetic experiences. This study broadens the philosophical understanding of Indonesia’s prehistoric artistic heritage.