TIPOLOGI FAJAR DALAM FIKIH DAN SAINS (Studi Integratif Fajar Kazib dan Sadik)

Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the integration of the dawn (fajar) concept through a comparative-interdisciplinary approach, driven by discrepancies between fiqh criteria (based on visual descriptions of fajar kazib (false dawn) and fajar sadik (true dawn)) and modern astronomical findings (solar angles of -18° to -20°), which have sparked debater over fajar prayer timing. Research questions addres: (1) The conceptualization of fajar kazib and sadik in classical-contemporary fiqh literature; (2) Scientific interpretations of dawn; (3) Convergences and divergences between these perspectives. Methods employ qualitative library research (analysis of fiqh texts, astronomy journals, and observational data from falak institutions) with an interdisciplinary framework. Results reveal: (1) Fajar sadik (horizontal light on the eastern horizon) correlates with astronomical twilight (-18°), while fajar kazib aligns with zodiacal light (vertical illumination); (2) Indonesia’s -20° criterion reflects a precautionary measure (ihtiyath) due to equatorial atmospheric density, validated by BRIN’s field observations; (3) Integration requires collaboration among scholars, astronomer, and scientists to harmonize jurisprudential principles with astronomical precision. Conclusion emphasizes synthesizing fiqh authority and scientific objectivity through updated prayer schedules and public education, resolving practical disputes and advancing integrative Ilmu Falak (astronomical science) studies.