The Influence Of Light Pollution On The Determining Of Early Fajr From The Perspective Of Astronomy In Tebing Mattoanging Bulukumba

Analisis Pengaruh Polusi Cahaya Terhadap Pengamatan Terhadap Pengamatan Fajar Shadiq Dalam Penentuan Awal Waktu Shalat Subuh Perspektif Ilmu Falak (Studi Lokasi di Tebing Mattoanging Desa Lembanna Kec. Bontobahari Kab. Bulukumba)

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of light pollution on the observation of fajr shadiq in determining the beginning of the Subuh prayer time based on the perspective of Islamic astronomy (‘ilm al-falak), with a case study at Tebing Mattoanging, Bulukumba. The research focuses on two primary issues: (1) the level and characteristics of light pollution at Tebing Mattoanging, and (2) the influence of light pollution on the accuracy of fajr shadiq observation. This research adopts a qualitative methodology with a field research approach, integrating both Islamic jurisprudential (shar'i) and astronomical perspectives. Data were obtained through direct observation at the site and review of relevant scientific literature. Data collection techniques included observation and documentation, while data analysis was carried out through stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that Tebing Mattoanging has experienced a considerable degree of light pollution, with sky brightness averaging 19.36 mpdbp, nearing the threshold for natural dark sky classification (<19.0 mpdbp), though the location remains viable for astronomical observation. The appearance of fajr shadiq at this site shows a significant discrepancy compared to the Ministry of Religious Affairs’ Subuh prayer schedule. The phenomenon was only detectable when the sun was at an average altitude of –11° 37’ 25.9” below the horizon, at around 04:49 WITA, which was approximately 22 minutes later than the official schedule. These findings demonstrate that light pollution not only diminishes night sky quality but also affects the precise detection of fajr shadiq, with implications for accurate prayer time determination. The study highlights the importance of regulating light pollution through the use of warm LEDs, downward-directed lighting, scheduling control, and the implementation of dark sky reserve concepts to balance tourism development and night sky conservation.