The Time For Performing Duha Prayer In The Interpretation Of The Four Imams Of The Mazhab From The Perspective Of Astronomy

Abstract

The main problem of this research is the interpretation of the four schools of thought regarding the time of Duha prayer from the perspective of astronomy, with the sub-problem being how the four imams of the schools of thought view the time of Duha prayer and how the interpretation of the four imams of the schools of thought and astronomy correlate in determining the time of Duha prayer. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive library research approach. The text analysis method is used to examine and compare the interpretation of the four schools of thought regarding the time of Duha prayer, then analyze it from the perspective of astronomy. The results show that the four schools of thought have methodological differences in determining the time of Duha prayer: Hanafi sets the starting time after the sun rises as high as a spear (±4°30' elevation), Maliki when the light spreads evenly (±6-7° elevation), Shafi'i divides the time with certain virtues until near zawal, and Hanbali provides the widest time range. The correlation with astronomy proves that classical fiqh terms can be verified astronomically, thus allowing the development of calculation formulas that accommodate the diversity of schools of thought while maintaining scientific accuracy. This harmonization demonstrates that Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) is highly flexible and able to keep pace with the development of modern science. The implications of this research contribute to the timely and sharia-compliant performance of the Duha prayer. Astronomy can help communities and religious institutions determine Duha prayer times more accurately, reduce differences in interpretation, and serve as a basis for developing astronomical data-based prayer time applications tailored to each school of thought.