SOCIO-HISTORICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE HIJRI CALENDAR FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ASTRONOMY (Case Study of the Mystery of the Suro, Muharram Month)

Abstract

The Hijri calendar is a calendar that is used as a guideline by Muslims, all Islamic sharia instructions related to Days, Weeks, Months, and years. Which is based on the lunar cycle, which is taken from the history of the Prophet Muhammad's Hijrah which began in 17 H / 638 AD. The formulation of the problem in this study includes: (1) How is the history of the initial determination of the Hijri calendar socio-historically in the Islamic world; (2) How is the determination of the initial Hijri month according to the perspective of astronomy. This type of research is qualitative research with a Library research approach. Library research is a method of collecting data by reviewing books, literature, notes, and various reports that are related and relevant to the problem being studied. This research aims to examine the history and methods of determination in determining and implementing the Hijri calendar. The research findings demonstrate the close relationship between history and society in the Hijri calendar, as the name derives from the Prophet Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina. The Hisab and Rukyat methods are used as interpretations of astronomy in determining the beginning of the Hijri month. This research also reveals the urgency of using the Hijri calendar in the Islamic world. The implications of this research are the history of the Hijri calendar, which has evolved over time, from the pre-Islamic Arab calendar to the history of its use in Indonesia. This demonstrates that the use of the Islamic calendar has been through a long period and through complex dynamics. Each long historical event carries profound meaning, and the use of the Hijri calendar must also be based on determining the beginning of the month, which involves various methods, such as the Hisab and Rukyat methods.