APLIKASI QAWA'ID FIQHIYYAH DALAM FATWA KONTEMPORER
Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aplikasi qawa’ide fiqhiyyah dalam fatwa kontemporer serta tantangan penerapannya dalam konteks lintas budaya dan hukum negara. Metode kualitatif digunakan sebagai metode penelitian, dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi Pustaka dan pendekatan deskriptif analisis. Studi pustaka merupakan penelitian dengan data premier dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari sumber kepustakaan, dan sumber tersebut berupa jurnal, buku, artikel, berita yang dapat dijadikan sebagai data untuk melakukan penelitian. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan cara mengumpulkan kitab dan jurnal mengenai qawaid fiqhiyyah dan juga artikel terkait dengan implementasi qawaid fiqhiyyah dalam fatwa kontemporer. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa qawa’id fiqhiyyah diaplikasikan dalam fatwa kontemporer, contohnya dalam keuangan Islam ada fintech dan ijarah muntahiyah bi at-tamlik, di teknologi ada rekayasa genetika dan blockchain serta di bioetika ada transplantasi organ dan euthanasia. Beberapa tantangan penerapannya dalam konteks lintas budaya dan hukum negara yaitu; qawa’id fiqhiyyah perbandingan mazhab, contoh-contoh yang kurang berkembang, otoritas qawaid fiqhiyyah, qaidah fiqhiyyah dan problem kepastian hukum.
Kata Kunci: Qawa’id Fiqhiyyah, Aplikasi Qawa’id Fiqhiyyah, Fatwa Kontemporer
Abstract
This research aims to find out the application of qawa'ide fiqhiyyah in contemporary fatwas as well as the challenges of its application in the context of cross-cultural and state law. The qualitative method is used as a research method, using a literature study approach and a descriptive analysis approach. Literature study is research with primary data and secondary data obtained from library sources, and these sources are in the form of journals, books, articles, news that can be used as data to conduct research. The data collection technique is by collecting books and journals about qawaid fiqhiyyah and also articles related to the implementation of qawaid fiqhiyyah in contemporary fatwas. The result of this research is that qawa'id fiqhiyyah is applied in contemporary fatwas, for example in Islamic finance there is fintech and ijarah muntahiyah bi at-tamlik, in technology there is genetic engineering and blockchain and in bioethics there is organ transplantation and euthanasia. Some of the challenges of its application in the context of cross-cultural and state law are; qawa'id fiqhiyyah mazhab comparison, less developed examples, qawa'id fiqhiyyah authority, qaidah fiqhiyyah and legal certainty problems.
Keywords: Qawa'id Fiqhiyyah, Application Of Qawa'id Fiqhiyyah, Contemporary Fatwa.
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