TERBENTUKNYA AKAD (KONTRAK): RUKUN DAN SYARAT AKAD
Abstract
Abstrak
Akad merupakan elemen fundamental dalam hukum Islam yang mengatur transaksi dan hubungan hukum antara individu maupun kelompok. Penelitian ini membahas tentang terbentuknya akad dengan fokus pada rukun dan syarat yang harus dipenuhi agar akad dianggap sah menurut hukum Islam. Rukun akad meliputi adanya pihak yang berakad (al-‘aqidan), pernyataan ijab dan qabul (shighat al-‘aqd), objek akad (mahal al-‘aqd), serta tujuan akad (maqshad al-‘aqd). Selain itu, terdapat syarat-syarat tertentu yang harus dipenuhi, seperti kesatuan majelis, kejelasan objek akad, serta ketiadaan unsur gharar dan riba. Pemenuhan rukun dan syarat ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan kepastian hukum, menjaga keadilan, serta menghindari perselisihan dalam transaksi. Dengan pemahaman yang mendalam mengenai akad, diharapkan masyarakat dapat menerapkan prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan ekonomi dan sosial.
Kata Kunci: Akad, Rukun, Syarat, Hukum Islam, Muamalah.
Abstract
A contract (akad) is a fundamental element in Islamic law that governs transactions and legal relationships between individuals and groups. This research discusses the formation of akad, focusing on the essential pillars (rukun) and conditions (syarat) that must be met for an akad to be considered valid under Islamic law. The essential pillars include the contracting parties (al-‘aqidan), the declaration of offer and acceptance (shighat al-‘aqd), the subject matter of the contract (mahal al-‘aqd), and the contract's purpose (maqshad al-‘aqd). Additionally, several conditions must be fulfilled, such as the unity of the session (kesatuan majelis), clarity of the contract's subject, and the absence of uncertainty (gharar) and riba (usury). Meeting these requirements aims to establish legal certainty, ensure fairness, and prevent disputes in transactions. A thorough understanding of akad is expected to help society implement Islamic legal principles in various economic and social aspects.
Keywords: Akad, Pillars, Conditions, Islamic Law, Muamalah.
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