DINAMIKA MUDHARABAH KONTEMPORER: STUDI KOMPARATIF MUDHARABAH MUTLAQAH DAN MUQAYYADAH DI SEKTOR PERBANKAN SYARIAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v6i4.57154Abstract
Abstrak
Akad mudharabah, sebagai salah satu pilar utama dalam hukum muamalah, memainkan peran penting dalam perbankan syariah melalui dua bentuk utama, yaitu mudharabah mutlaqah dan muqayyadah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika penerapan akad mudharabah mutlaqah dan muqayyadah dalam praktik perbankan syariah, serta mengidentifikasi problematika kontemporer yang dihadapi. Menggunakan pendekatan studi pustaka, penelitian ini menganalisis literatur fiqh klasik, regulasi perbankan, dan fatwa syariah untuk memahami karakteristik, perbedaan, dan aplikasi kedua akad tersebut dalam penghimpunan dan penyaluran dana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mudharabah mutlaqah memberikan fleksibilitas kepada pengelola dana, sementara muqayyadah lebih terikat dengan syarat dari pemilik modal, namun keduanya menghadapi tantangan seperti risiko pengelolaan, kebutuhan jaminan, dan adaptasi terhadap keuangan modern. Problematika kontemporer, seperti penerapan jaminan yang bertentangan dengan prinsip syariah klasik, diatasi melalui prinsip kemaslahatan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa inovasi berbasis syariah diperlukan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut, sehingga mudharabah dapat tetap relevan sebagai solusi finansial yang adil dan berkelanjutan dalam ekonomi modern.
Kata Kunci: Mudharabah, Mutlaqah, Muqayyadah, Perbankan Syariah
Abstract
Mudharabah, a fundamental pillar of muamalah law, plays a significant role in Islamic banking through its two primary forms: mudharabah mutlaqah and muqayyadah. This study aims to examine the dynamics of implementing mudharabah mutlaqah and muqayyadah in Islamic banking practices and identify contemporary challenges. Employing a literature review approach, this research analyzes classical fiqh literature, banking regulations, and sharia fatwas to understand the characteristics, differences, and applications of both contracts in fund mobilization and disbursement. The findings reveal that mudharabah mutlaqah offers flexibility to fund managers, while muqayyadah is more restricted by conditions set by capital owners. However, both face challenges such as management risks, the need for guarantees, and adaptation to modern finance. Contemporary issues, such as the application of guarantees conflicting with classical sharia principles, are addressed through the to ensure maslahah (public interest). This study concludes that sharia-based innovations are necessary to overcome these challenges, ensuring that mudharabah remains relevant as a just and sustainable financial solution in the modern economy.
Keywords: Mudharabah Unrestricted Mudharabah, Restricted Mudharabah, Islamic Banking
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Taufiqurrohman, Ahmad Muhris

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Once an article was published in the journal, the author(s) are:
- to retain copyright and grant to the journal right licensed under Creative Commons License Attribution that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship.
- permitted to publish their work online in third parties as it can lead wider dissemination of the work, with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal
- continue to be the copyright owner and allow the journal to publish the article with the CC BY-NC-SA license
- receiving a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) of the work.