INTEGRASI HUKUM ISLAM DAN NEGARA DALAM SERTIFIKASI HALAL: ANALISIS NORMATIF ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG JAMINAN PRODUK HALAL (JPH) DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP EPISTEMOLOGI FIKIH KONTEMPORER

Abstract

Abstrak
Jaminan atas kehalalan produk merupakan kebutuhan esensial bagi umat Islam yang kini memperoleh legitimasi dalam sistem hukum nasional melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal (UU JPH). Regulasi ini menandai keterlibatan aktif negara dalam pengelolaan aspek keagamaan melalui pembentukan Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal (BPJPH) sebagai otoritas administratif, sementara Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) tetap memegang kewenangan normatif dalam menetapkan fatwa kehalalan. Dalam konteks tersebut, penting untuk menelaah bagaimana integrasi antara hukum Islam dan negara dalam sistem sertifikasi halal berlangsung, serta dampaknya terhadap konfigurasi epistemologi fikih kontemporer. Dengan menggunakan metode hukum normatif dan pendekatan konseptual-reflektif, tulisan ini menganalisis data sekunder berupa regulasi, fatwa, dan literatur akademik terkait. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara negara dan lembaga keagamaan bersifat simbiotik tetapi menyisakan ketegangan epistemologis. Proses formalisasi fikih dalam sistem hukum negara menggeser locus otoritas keagamaan, membatasi fleksibilitas metode istinbāṭ, dan menyederhanakan pendekatan maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah menjadi kerangka legal-formal. Untuk merespons kondisi ini, diperlukan pembaruan epistemologi fikih yang mengedepankan maqāṣid sebagai prinsip metodologis, menjaga independensi otoritas keilmuan ulama, serta mendorong dialog kritis dan konstruktif antara aktor negara dan institusi keagamaan.

Kata Kunci: Sertifikasi Halal, Hukum Islam, Epistemologi Fikih

Abstract

The assurance of halal products is an essential need for Muslims, which has now gained formal recognition within Indonesia's national legal system through Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Assurance (UU JPH). This regulation signifies the state's active involvement in managing religious affairs through the establishment of the Halal Product Assurance Agency (BPJPH) as the administrative authority, while the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) retains normative authority in issuing halal fatwas. Within this context, it is important to examine how the integration between Islamic law and the state functions within the halal certification system, and how it impacts the configuration of contemporary Islamic legal epistemology. Using a normative legal method and a conceptual-reflective approach, this study analyzes secondary data including regulations, fatwas, and relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that the relationship between the state and religious institutions is symbiotic but not free from epistemological tensions. The formalization of fiqh within the legal framework of the state has shifted the locus of religious authority, constrained the flexibility of istinbāṭ methods, and simplified the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah approach into a legal-formal structure. To respond to this condition, a renewal of Islamic legal epistemology is necessary—one that emphasizes maqāṣid as a methodological foundation, upholds the scholarly independence of religious authorities, and promotes critical and constructive dialogue between state actors and religious institutions.

Keywords: Halal Certification, Islamic Law, Fiqh Epistemology