IMPLEMENTASI AL-‘UQUD AL-MALIYAH AL-MURAKKABAH DALAM EKOSISTEM INDUSTRI HALAL: SINKRONISASI ANTARA FIKIH DAN PRAKTIK BISNIS DI INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implementasi al-‘uqud al-maliyah al-murakkabah (akad-akad keuangan gabungan) dalam ekosistem industri halal di Indonesia serta mengeksplorasi sejauh mana sinkronisasi antara norma fikih dan praktik bisnis dapat diwujudkan. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi lapangan, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi langsung, dan studi dokumentasi di berbagai lembaga keuangan syariah, pelaku industri halal, dan otoritas keuangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan akad murakkabah seperti murabahah-wakalah, istishna’-ijarah, dan salam-paralel telah menjadi bagian penting dalam inovasi produk halal, baik di sektor keuangan maupun sektor riil. Namun, ditemukan tantangan signifikan dalam bentuk ketidakseimbangan antara tuntutan efisiensi bisnis dan pemahaman fikih yang komprehensif, serta belum optimalnya peran regulasi dan Dewan Pengawas Syariah dalam pengawasan implementasi. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa sinkronisasi antara fikih dan praktik bisnis hanya dapat tercapai melalui kolaborasi multi-pihak, penguatan kelembagaan syariah, serta peningkatan literasi fikih di kalangan pelaku industri. Dengan demikian, akad murakkabah berpotensi menjadi instrumen strategis dalam membangun industri halal yang tidak hanya kompetitif secara ekonomi, tetapi juga berlandaskan nilai-nilai maqashid al-syariah.

Kata kunci: Al-‘Uqud Al-Murakkabah, Industri Halal, Fikih Muamalah, Akad Gabungan, Sinkronisasi Syariah-Bisnis

Abstract

This study aims to examine the implementation of al-'uqud al-maliyah al-murakkabah (joint financial contracts) in the halal industry ecosystem in Indonesia and explore the extent to which synchronization between fiqh norms and business practices can be realized. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through field studies, data was collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and documentation studies at various Islamic financial institutions, halal industry players, and financial authorities. The results of the study show that the use of murakkabah contracts such as murabahah-wakalah, istishna'-ijarah, and salam-paralel has become an important part of halal product innovation, both in the financial sector and the real sector. However, significant challenges were found in the form of an imbalance between the demands of business efficiency and a comprehensive understanding of fiqh, as well as the non-optimal role of regulations and the Sharia Supervisory Board in supervising implementation. This research emphasizes that synchronization between fiqh and business practices can only be achieved through multi-stakeholder collaboration, strengthening sharia institutions, and increasing fiqh literacy among industry players. Thus, the murakkabah contract has the potential to become a strategic instrument in building a halal industry that is not only economically competitive, but also based on the values of maqashid al-sharia.

Keywords: Al-'Uqud Al-Murakkabah, Halal Industry, Fiqh Muamalah, Joint Contracts, Sharia-Business Synchronization