ONRECHMATIGE OVERHEIDSDAAD SEBAGAI OBJEK SENGKETA DALAM PERADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v6i4.61274Abstract
Abstrak
Tindakan pemerintah yang melawan hukum (Onrechmatige Overheidsdaad) merupakan penggunaan kekuasaan negara terhadap masyarakat yang menimbulkan akibat hukum dan merugikan masyarakat. Masyarakat tidak dapat diperlakukan secara sewenang-wenang sebagai objek. Keputusan dan/atau tindakan terhadap masyarakat harus sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan dan asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik (AAUPB). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ruang lingkup substansi perbuatan melawan hukum oleh pemerintah dan melakukan analisis terhadap perbuatan melawan hukum oleh pemerintah dalam perkara sengketa Tata Usaha Negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa objek sengketa Tata Usaha Negara diatur dalam ketentuan Undang-Undang No. 51 Tahun 2009 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1986 tentang Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara yang berupa keputusan diatur dalam Pasal 1 angka 9 yang diuraikan a). Penerapan tertulis; b). Dikeluarkan oleh Badan atau Pejabat TUN; c). Berisi Tindakan Hukum TUN; d). Berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku; e). Bersifat konkrit, individual dan final; f). Menimbulkan akibat hukum bagi seseorang atau badan hukum perdata. Implementasi perbuatan melawan hukum oleh pemerintah dalam perkara sengketa Tata Usaha Negara di atur dan dijelaskan secara lugas dalam Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia (Perma) Nomor 2 Tahun 2019 tentang Pedoman Penyelesaian Sengketa Tindakan Pemerintahan dan Kewenangan Mengadili Perbuatan Melanggar Hukum oleh Badan dan/atau Pejabat Pemerintahan (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad) diterbitkan untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum. Sebelum Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan terhadap perbuatan melanggar hukum oleh penguasa (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad) menjadi kompetensi mengadili Pengadilan Negeri pasca berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan terhadap perbuatan melawan hukum oleh penguasa (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad) berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 1 angka 8 Juncto Pasal 87 huruf a Peraturan Mahkamah Agung No. 2 Tahun 2019, maka terhadap perbuatan melanggar hukum oleh penguasa (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad) telah dialihkan menjadi kompetensi mengadili Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara.
Kata Kunci : Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad, Sengketa TUN, AUPB
Abstract
Unlawful Acts by the Government (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad) refer to the exercise of state power against society that results in legal consequences and causes harm to the public. Society must not be arbitrarily treated as mere objects. Any decisions and/or actions taken toward the public must comply with statutory regulations and the general principles of good governance. This article aims to analyze the substantive scope of unlawful acts by the government and to examine such acts within the context of administrative disputes. The research findings indicate that the object of administrative disputes is governed under Law No. 51 of 2009 concerning the Second Amendment to Law No. 5 of 1986 on the Administrative Court, particularly regarding decisions as stipulated in Article 1 point 9, which outlines: a) A written determination; b) Issued by an Adminidtrative Body or Official; c) Contains an Administrative Legal Act; d) Based on prevailing statutory regulation; e) Is concrete, individual, and final in nature; f) Creates legal consequences foa a person or civil legal entity. The implementation of unlawful acts by the government in administrative disputes is clearly regulated and explained in the Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) No. 2 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for the Resolution of Disputes over Government Actions and the Authority to Adjudicate Unlawful Acts by Government Bodies and/or Officials (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad). This regulation was issued to fill a legal void. Prior to the enactment of Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration, the adjudication of unlawful acts by government authorities (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad) fell under the jurisdiction of the District Court. However, following the enactment of Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration, and pursuant to Article 1 point 8 in conjunction with Article 87 letter a of Supreme Court Regulation No. 2 of 2019, the authority to adjudicate unlawful acts by government authorities (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad) has been transferred to the Administrative Court.
Keywords: Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad, Administrative Disputes, General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB)
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