ASPEK PIDANA PINJAMAN ONLINE ILEGAL: PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KORBAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i1.61288Abstract
Abstrak
Kemajuan teknologi digital telah mendorong lahirnya berbagai inovasi di bidang keuangan, termasuk layanan pinjaman berbasis aplikasi (financial technology). Akan tetapi, meningkatnya praktik pinjaman online ilegal menimbulkan persoalan hukum yang cukup kompleks. Pinjol ilegal umumnya beroperasi tanpa izin resmi, mengenakan bunga yang sangat tinggi, serta melakukan penagihan dengan cara-cara melawan hukum, seperti ancaman maupun penyalahgunaan data pribadi. Kondisi ini tidak hanya merugikan secara ekonomi, tetapi juga berdampak pada psikologis masyarakat, sehingga penting untuk ditinjau melalui perspektif hukum pidana. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bentuk tindak pidana dalam praktik pinjol ilegal, menelaah pertanggungjawaban hukum yang dapat dibebankan kepada pelaku, serta mengkaji mekanisme perlindungan hukum bagi korban. Metode yang digunakan ialah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, serta putusan pengadilan yang relevan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa praktik pinjaman online ilegal dapat dikategorikan sebagai tindak pidana, seperti penipuan, pemerasan, pelanggaran terhadap data pribadi, hingga pencucian uang. Pertanggungjawaban pidana dapat dikenakan baik kepada individu maupun badan hukum yang terlibat. Namun, perlindungan bagi korban masih lemah karena keterbatasan regulasi dan penegakan hukum. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan pembaruan regulasi serta kerja sama antar lembaga penegak hukum untuk memperkuat perlindungan masyarakat sekaligus mencegah semakin luasnya praktik pinjol ilegal.
Kata Kunci: Pinjaman Online; Perlindungan Hukum; Korban
Abstract
Advances in digital technology have led to various innovations in the financial sector, including application-based lending services (financial technology). However, the rise of illegal online lending practices has given rise to complex legal issues. Illegal online lending generally operates without official permission, charges very high interest rates, and collects payments through unlawful means, such as threats and misuse of personal data. This situation is not only economically detrimental, but also has a psychological impact on society, making it important to review it from a criminal law perspective. This study aims to identify the forms of criminal acts in illegal online lending practices, examine the legal liability that can be imposed on perpetrators, and review legal protection mechanisms for victims. The method used is a normative juridical approach by examining relevant laws, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The results of the study reveal that illegal online lending practices can be categorised as criminal acts, such as fraud, extortion, violation of personal data, and money laundering. Criminal liability can be imposed on both individuals and legal entities involved. However, protection for victims is still weak due to limitations in regulation and law enforcement. Therefore, regulatory reforms and cooperation between law enforcement agencies are needed to strengthen
Keywords: Keywords: Online Loans; Legal Protection; Victims
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