KEDUDUKAN DAN FUNGSI BARANG BUKTI SERTA ALAT BUKTI DALAM PROSES PEMERIKSAAN PERKARA PIDANA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v6i4.61462Abstract
Abstrak
Artikel ini membahas kedudukan dan fungsi barang bukti serta alat bukti dalam proses pemeriksaan perkara pidana, yang mencakup tahap penyidikan, penuntutan, hingga peradilan. Barang bukti dan alat bukti memiliki peran krusial dalam mewujudkan kepastian hukum, mengingat proses pembuktian di persidangan menjadi dasar utama hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan. Namun, praktik di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa pengungkapan dan pembuktian alat bukti dalam berbagai jenis perkara pidana baik pidana materiel, pidana darurat, pidana dengan alasan pembenar, maupun pidana karena pelaksanaan tugas belum berjalan optimal sesuai mekanisme yang diatur dalam KUHAP (Pasal 183–202). Kondisi ini menimbulkan risiko bahwa pelaku tindak pidana dapat dibebaskan atau dilepaskan dari segala tuntutan hukum akibat kelemahan pembuktian. Di samping itu, peran laboratorium forensik terbukti sangat penting dalam memberikan keterangan ilmiah untuk mendukung pengungkapan serta pembuktian, khususnya pada kasus penganiayaan dan pembunuhan. Faktor personal, kemampuan teknis, dan tingkat pendidikan aparat penegak hukum juga berpengaruh besar dalam efektivitas proses pembuktian. Dengan demikian, penguatan sistem pembuktian, optimalisasi pemanfaatan ilmu forensik, serta peningkatan kapasitas aparat hukum merupakan kebutuhan mendesak guna mewujudkan proses peradilan pidana yang lebih efektif dan berkeadilan.
Kata Kunci: Barang Bukti, Alat Bukti, Pemeriksaan Perkara Pidana, KUHAP.
Abstract
This article discusses the status and function of evidence and instruments of proof in the criminal case examination process, encompassing the investigation, prosecution, and trial stages. Evidence and instruments of proof play a crucial role in ensuring legal certainty, given that the evidentiary process in court serves as the primary basis for judges in issuing verdicts. However, field practice shows that the disclosure and substantiation of evidence in various types of criminal cases, including material crimes, emergency crimes, crimes with justification, and crimes due to the implementation of duties, have not been carried out optimally according to the mechanisms stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code (Articles 183–202). This situation poses the risk that perpetrators of criminal acts may be acquitted or released from all legal charges due to evidentiary weaknesses. Furthermore, the role of forensic laboratories has proven crucial in providing scientific information to support disclosure and substantiation, particularly in cases of assault and murder. The personnel, technical capabilities, and education level of law enforcement officers also significantly influence the effectiveness of the evidentiary process. Therefore, strengthening the evidentiary system, optimizing the use of forensic science, and increasing the capacity of law enforcement officers are urgently needed to achieve a more effective and just criminal justice process.
Keywords: Evidence, Evidence, Criminal Case Examination, Criminal Procedure Code
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