EFEKTIVITAS LANDASAN HUKUM EKONOMI DIGITAL INDONESIA: ANALISIS DISHARMONI REGULASI DALAM EKOSISTEM MARKETPLACE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v6i3.62483Abstract
Abstrak
Pertumbuhan pesat ekonomi digital Indonesia telah menciptakan lanskap bisnis yang dinamis, namun sekaligus menyoroti adanya disharmoni dalam kerangka regulasi yang ada. Artikel ini menganalisis inefektivitas payung hukum ekonomi digital Indonesia dengan membedah tumpang tindih dan kekosongan hukum antara Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE), Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi (UU PDP), dan Undang-Undang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat (UU Persaingan Usaha). Dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan kerangka teori sistem hukum Lawrence M. Friedman, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi disharmoni pada tiga level: struktur (tumpang tindih kewenangan lembaga), substansi (pasal-pasal yang tidak sinkron), dan kultur (kesenjangan literasi hukum). Dampak dari disharmoni ini, terutama bagi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) dalam ekosistem marketplace, dianalisis secara mendalam, menyoroti praktik persaingan tidak sehat seperti self-preferencing dan penyalahgunaan data. Sebagai kebaruan (novelty), artikel ini mengusulkan sebuah kerangka harmonisasi regulasi yang komprehensif, mencakup pembentukan lex specialis ekonomi digital, gagasan lembaga pengawas tunggal (single digital regulator agency), dan pengenalan mekanisme transparansi algoritma sebagai instrumen hukum baru. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa harmonisasi regulasi adalah prasyarat mutlak untuk menciptakan ekosistem digital yang adil, inovatif, dan berdaya saing, seraya memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan yang terstruktur untuk jangka pendek, menengah, dan panjang.
Kata Kunci : Ekonomi Digital, Harmonisasi Hukum, Persaingan Usaha, Perlindungan Data, UMKM, Marketplace
Abstract
Indonesia's rapid growth of digital economy has created a dynamic business landscape, but at the same time highlights the disharmony in the existing regulatory framework. This article analyzes the ineffectiveness of Indonesia's digital economy legal umbrella by dissecting the overlap and legal vacuum between the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE), the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP), and the Law on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition (UU Competencia Usaha (UU Competencia Usaha (UU Competencia Usaha (UU Competencia Usaha Nya). Using the normative juridical approach and the legal system theory framework of Lawrence M. Friedman, this study identifies disharmony at three levels: structure (overlapping authority of institutions), substance (articles that are out of sync), and culture (gap in legal literacy). The impact of this disharmony, especially for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the marketplace ecosystem, is analyzed in depth, highlighting unfair competition practices such as self-preferencing and data misuse. As a novelty, this article proposes a comprehensive regulatory harmonization framework, including the establishment of a lex specialis digital economy, the idea of a single digital regulator agency, and the introduction of algorithmic transparency mechanisms as a new legal instrument. This study concludes that regulatory harmonization is an absolute prerequisite for creating a fair, innovative, and competitive digital ecosystem, while providing structured policy recommendations for the short, medium, and long term.
Keywords: Digital Economy, Legal Harmonization, Business Competition, Data Protection, MSMEs, Marketplace
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