MODEL TATA KELOLA DAN KEPATUHAN KORPORASI PADA PERUSAHAAN PUBLIK

Abstract

Abstrak

Pesatnya perkembangan pasar modal di Indonesia menuntut adanya penguatan tata kelola korporasi (Good Corporate Governance/GCG) pada perusahaan publik sebagai pilar utama untuk menjaga kepercayaan investor dan integritas pasar. Namun, implementasi GCG dihadapkan pada tantangan serius berupa risiko fraud dan kerentanan terhadap praktik pencucian uang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis model tata kelola dan kepatuhan korporasi di Indonesia dengan fokus pada tiga elemen sentral: peran Komite Audit, penegakan fiduciary duty Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris, serta implementasi program Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML-CFT). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi adanya kesenjangan antara kerangka regulasi yang ada dengan efektivitas implementasi di lapangan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa peran Komite Audit seringkali bersifat simbolis dan belum terintegrasi secara optimal dengan pengawasan kepatuhan AML-CFT, sementara penegakan fiduciary duty menjadi kunci akuntabilitas pengawasan. Sebagai kebaruan, penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah Model Pengawasan Korporasi Terintegrasi yang mensinergikan fungsi Komite Audit dengan pilar-pilar kepatuhan lainnya (Manajemen Risiko, Audit Internal, dan Sistem Whistleblowing) untuk menciptakan mekanisme pengawasan yang holistik dan substantif. Model ini diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi untuk memperkuat benteng pertahanan korporasi terhadap risiko fraud dan pencucian uang, serta memberikan kontribusi bagi harmonisasi regulasi GCG di masa depan.

Kata Kunci : Tata Kelola Korporasi, Komite Audit, Fiduciary Duty, Pencegahan Fraud, AML-CFT, Perusahaan Publik

Abstract

The rapid development of the capital market in Indonesia requires the strengthening of good corporate governance (GCG) in public companies as the main pillar to maintain investor confidence and market integrity. However, GCG implementation is faced with serious challenges in the form of fraud risks and vulnerability to money laundering practices. This research aims to critically analyze the corporate governance and compliance model in Indonesia with a focus on three central elements: the role of the Audit Committee, the enforcement of fiduciary duties of the Board of Directors and Board of Commissioners, and the implementation of the Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML-CFT) program. Using normative legal research methods through legislative and conceptual approaches, this study identifies a gap between the existing regulatory framework and the effectiveness of implementation in the field. The results of the analysis show that the role of the Audit Committee is often symbolic and has not been optimally integrated with AML-CFT compliance supervision, while the enforcement  of fiduciary duty is the key to supervisory accountability. As a novelty, this study proposes an Integrated Corporate Oversight Model that synergizes the functions of the Audit Committee with other compliance pillars (Risk Management, Internal Audit, and Whistleblowing System) to create a holistic and substantive oversight mechanism. This model is expected to be a solution to strengthen corporate defenses against the risk of fraud and money laundering, as well as contribute to the harmonization of GCG regulations in the future.

^{Keywords: Corporate Governance, Audit Committee, Fiduciary Duty, Fraud Prevention, AML-CFT, Public Companies}