KORELASI ANTARA MAFIA TAMBANG DENGAN KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP

Abstract

Abstrak

Sumberdaya alam pertambangan adalah sumberdaya tidak terbarukan (unrenewable resources), dalam pengelolaan dan pengusahaannya dibutuhkan kehati-hatian dan ketelitian, agar dapat bermanfaat  secara adil kepada semua pihak yang terkait (stakeholders) dan tidak mengubah fungsi lingkungan. Mengingat karakteristik usaha pertambangan yang penuh resiko, maka dalam pengelolaan dan pengusahaannya dibutuhkan perlindungan dan jaminan kepastian hukum baik kepada masyarakat sebagai common property atas bahan galian, pengusaha sebagai pengelola  (investor) dan pemerintah sebagai regulator maupun kepada generasi yang akan datang. Karena itu dibutuhkan instrumen hukum yang mampu memuat prinsip-prinsip social-justice, balances, good mining practice, equity dan sustainability yang bermuara kepada terciptanya kesejahteraan umum dan sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat.

Kata kunci: sumber daya alam; pertambangan; kepastian hukum; keadilan sosial; good mining practice; keberlanjutan.

Abstract

Mining natural resources are non-renewable resources; therefore, their management and utilization must be carried out carefully, responsibly, and sustainably to ensure equitable benefits for all stakeholders while preserving environmental sustainability and ecological functions. The characteristics of mining activities, which involve significant economic, social, legal, and environmental risks, require legal protection and certainty for communities as holders of rights over natural resources, business actors as managers and investors, the government as regulator, and future generations as beneficiaries of natural resources. Accordingly, legal instruments are needed to integrate the principles of social justice, balance, good mining practice, equity, and sustainability into every stage of mining resource management. The application of these principles is expected to promote fair mining governance, provide legal certainty, minimize adverse impacts on the environment and communities, and ensure the sustainable utilization of natural resources. Ultimately, the management of mining resources must be directed toward realizing public welfare and the greatest possible prosperity of the people in accordance with the mandate of the Constitution.

Keywords: natural resources; mining; legal certainty; social justice; good mining practice; sustainability.