RESISTENSI DIGITAL DAN KERUNTUHAN AKAD: REKONSTRUKSI FIQIH MUAMALAH TERHADAP PASAR GELAP YOUTUBE PREMIUM FAMILY DI TWITTER (APLIKASI X) PASCA PENEGAKAN GEOLOKASI 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.68773Abstract
Abstrak
Penegakan kebijakan geolokasi oleh YouTube pada tahun 2024 terhadap layanan YouTube Premium Family telah memunculkan fenomena baru berupa pasar gelap digital di platform Twitter/X, di mana para pelaku menawarkan slot berlangganan yang dikelola dari wilayah dengan harga lebih murah kepada pengguna di luar wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik tersebut dari perspektif fiqih muamalah, khususnya terkait keabsahan akad, keberadaan unsur gharar, tadlis, dan eksploitasi kelemahan sistem. Menggunakan pendekatan normatif-yuridis dengan metode deskriptif-analitis, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa transaksi pasar gelap YouTube Premium Family mengandung unsur gharar fahisy (ketidakpastian berat), tadlis (penipuan), dan ghabn (kerugian sepihak) yang menjadikan akad tersebut fasid (rusak). Rekonstruksi fiqih muamalah terhadap fenomena ini diperlukan melalui penegasan prinsip al-'adalah (keadilan), al-amanah (kepercayaan), dan maqasid al-syari'ah, khususnya hifz al-mal (perlindungan harta). Penelitian ini menawarkan kebaruan berupa kerangka analisis fiqih muamalah kontemporer yang dapat diterapkan pada praktik pasar gelap layanan digital berbasis geolokasi.
Kata Kunci: Akad Digital, Fiqih Muamalah, Gharar, Geolokasi, Pasar Gelap, YouTube Premium
Abstract
YouTube's enforcement of geolocation policies in 2024 concerning its YouTube Premium Family service has given rise to a new phenomenon: digital black markets on the Twitter/X platform, where actors offer subscription slots managed from lower-priced regions to users outside those regions. This study aims to analyze this practice from the perspective of fiqh muamalah, particularly regarding the validity of the contract (akad), the presence of gharar, tadlis, and the exploitation of system vulnerabilities. Using a normative-juridical approach with descriptive-analytical methods, this study concludes that black market transactions for YouTube Premium Family contain elements of gharar fahisy (extreme uncertainty), tadlis (deception), and ghabn (unilateral disadvantage), rendering the contract fasid (defective). A reconstruction of fiqh muamalah is necessary through the reaffirmation of the principles of al-'adalah (justice), al-amanah (trustworthiness), and maqasid al-shari'ah, particularly hifz al-mal (protection of wealth). This study offers a novel contemporary fiqh muamalah analytical framework applicable to digital black market practices based on geolocation services.
Keywords: Digital Akad, Fiqh Muamalah, Gharar, Geolocation, Black Market, YouTube Premium
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