TEORI DISTRIBUSI DALAM KONSEP EKONOMI ISLAM: MEWUJUDKAN KEADILAN SOSIAL DAN KESEJAHTERAAN UMAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.68804Abstract
Abstrak
Distribusi dalam ekonomi Islam merupakan salah satu instrumen penting dalam mewujudkan keadilan sosial dan kesejahteraan masyarakat secara menyeluruh. Berbeda dengan sistem ekonomi konvensional yang cenderung berorientasi pada mekanisme pasar dan kepemilikan modal, ekonomi Islam menempatkan distribusi sebagai bagian dari tanggung jawab moral dan spiritual manusia sebagai khalifah di bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep teori distribusi dalam ekonomi Islam, prinsip-prinsip dasarnya, serta mekanisme dan instrumen distribusi yang diterapkan dalam sistem ekonomi syariah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif melalui analisis berbagai literatur ilmiah terkait distribusi ekonomi Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi dalam ekonomi Islam tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai mekanisme ekonomi, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen pemerataan kesejahteraan dan pengurangan kesenjangan sosial. Prinsip utama distribusi dalam Islam meliputi keadilan, keseimbangan (tawazun), tanggung jawab sosial, dan larangan penumpukan kekayaan pada kelompok tertentu. Selain itu, sistem distribusi dalam ekonomi Islam dijalankan melalui mekanisme pasar dan non-pasar dengan instrumen seperti zakat, infak, sedekah, wakaf, dan warisan. Dengan demikian, teori distribusi dalam ekonomi Islam relevan diterapkan sebagai solusi terhadap permasalahan ketimpangan ekonomi kontemporer.
Katakunci: Distribusi, Ekonomi Islam, Keadilan Sosial, Zakat, Kesejahteraan.
Abstract
Distribution in Islamic economics is an important instrument in realizing social justice and comprehensive public welfare. Unlike the conventional economic system, which tends to focus on market mechanisms and capital accumulation, Islamic economics places distribution as part of the moral and spiritual responsibility of humans as caliphs on earth. This study aims to analyze the concept of distribution theory in Islamic economics, its fundamental principles, as well as the mechanisms and instruments of distribution implemented in the Islamic economic system. This research employs a library research method with a qualitative descriptive approach through the analysis of various scientific literatures related to Islamic economic distribution. The results of the study indicate that distribution in Islamic economics functions not only as an economic mechanism but also as an instrument for equitable welfare distribution and the reduction of social inequality. The main principles of distribution in Islam include justice, balance (tawazun), social responsibility, and the prohibition of wealth concentration among certain groups. Furthermore, the distribution system in Islamic economics is carried out through both market and non-market mechanisms using instruments such as zakat, infaq, sadaqah, waqf, and inheritance. Therefore, the theory of distribution in Islamic economics is relevant to be applied as an alternative solution to contemporary economic inequality problems.
Keywords: Distribution, Islamic Economics, Social Justice, Welfare, Zakat.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Pephitasya Juliana, Abdul Wahab

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