KEBIJAKAN BANK TANAH DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA: ANTARA REFORMA AGRARIA ATAU ANCAMAN KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.68809Abstract
Abstrak
Kebijakan Bank Tanah yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Penetapan Perppu Cipta Kerja menjadi Undang-Undang beserta Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 64 Tahun 2021 memunculkan perdebatan mendalam dalam sistem hukum pertanahan nasional. Penelitian ini mengkaji secara kritis apakah kebijakan tersebut lebih berorientasi pada penguatan reforma agraria atau justru berpotensi mempercepat komersialisasi tanah dan kerusakan lingkungan hidup. Melalui metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), penelitian ini menganalisis bahan hukum primer seperti UUPA, UU Cipta Kerja, dan peraturan pelaksanaannya, serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur ilmiah dan putusan terkait. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Bank Tanah dirancang untuk menyediakan cadangan lahan bagi pembangunan dan reforma agraria melalui Hak Pengelolaan, kewenangan luasnya berisiko menggeser fungsi sosial tanah menjadi instrumen investasi, memicu tumpang tindih kelembagaan, serta mempercepat alih fungsi lahan yang mengancam keberlanjutan ekologis. Oleh karena itu, tanpa pengawasan ketat dan harmonisasi dengan prinsip UUPA, kebijakan ini berpotensi melemahkan keadilan agraria dan memperburuk kerusakan lingkungan di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Bank Tanah, Reforma Agraria, Kerusakan Lingkungan
Abstract
The Land Bank policy regulated under Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation into Law, along with Government Regulation Number 64 of 2021, has sparked profound debates within Indonesia’s national land law system. This study critically examines whether the policy is primarily oriented toward strengthening agrarian reform or, conversely, risks accelerating land commodification and environmental degradation. Employing a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, this research analyzes primary legal materials, including the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), the Job Creation Law, and its implementing regulations, alongside secondary legal sources such as scholarly literature and relevant court decisions. The findings reveal that although the Land Bank was designed to provide land reserves for development and agrarian reform through Management Rights (HPL), its extensive authority poses significant risks of shifting the social function of land toward an investment instrument, triggering institutional overlaps, and hastening land conversion that threatens ecological sustainability. Therefore, without stringent oversight and harmonization with the principles of the UUPA, this policy potentially undermines agrarian justice and exacerbates environmental damage in Indonesia.
Keywords: Land Bank, Agrarian Reform, Environmental Sustainability
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Copyright (c) 2026 Wanako Bicton Manullang, Jefry Pernando Sitepu, Grecelda Thresia Simanjuntak, Demson Advenriadi Manalu, Sanrio Marchianus Be Putra, Mella Ismelina F. Rahayu

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