PEMBIAYAAN INVESTASI BERBASIS SYIRKAH PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA: ANTARA PERTUMBUHAN ANGKA DAN SUBSTANSI BAGI HASIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.69116Abstract
Abstrak
Pembiayaan berbasis bagi hasil merupakan ciri pembeda utama bank syariah dari bank konvensional. Data terbaru menunjukkan porsi pembiayaan musyarakah pada perbankan syariah Indonesia telah melewati murabahah. Namun, beberapa penelitian menemukan kenaikan angka tersebut belum tentu menggambarkan praktik bagi hasil sesungguhnya, karena banyak ditopang oleh skema musyarakah mutanaqishah dan pola bagi pendapatan dengan imbal hasil cenderung tetap. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan konsep pembiayaan investasi berbasis syirkah menurut fikih muamalah dan regulasi di Indonesia, memetakan masalah penerapannya, serta merumuskan strategi perbaikannya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka. Data diperoleh dari sumber primer berupa Al-Qur'an, hadis, fatwa DSN-MUI, dan peraturan perundang-undangan, serta sumber sekunder berupa artikel jurnal, buku, dan publikasi statistik OJK tahun 2015–2025, dianalisis dengan teknik analisis isi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tiga hal. Pertama, syirkah memiliki landasan dalil dan kerangka aturan yang sudah lengkap di Indonesia. Kedua, pergeseran komposisi pembiayaan ke musyarakah lebih banyak terjadi pada bentuk akad, belum pada pembagian risiko yang sebenarnya, karena persoalan asimetri informasi, moral hazard, kesiapan sumber daya insani, dan kecenderungan bank menghindari risiko. Ketiga, perbaikan menuntut pembangunan infrastruktur informasi di bank, insentif dari regulator, pembenahan pembukuan nasabah, dan pembaruan arah riset. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pembaruan narasi “dominasi murabahah” dalam literatur.
Kata kunci: bagi hasil; bank syariah; musyarakah; pembiayaan investasi; syirkah
Abstract
Profit-and-loss sharing financing is the main distinguishing characteristic of Islamic banks. Recent data show the share of musharakah financing in Indonesian Islamic banking has nominally surpassed murabahah. However, several studies indicate this growth does not necessarily reflect substantive profit-and-loss sharing practice, as it is largely driven by diminishing musharakah schemes and revenue-sharing patterns with relatively fixed returns. This study aims to explain the concept of syirkah-based investment financing from Islamic jurisprudence and Indonesian regulation, map its implementation problems, and formulate optimization strategies. Using a qualitative approach with the library research method, data were collected from primary sources (the Qur'an, hadith, DSN-MUI fatwas, and regulations) and secondary sources (journal articles, books, and OJK statistical publications for 2015–2025), then analyzed using content analysis. The findings show: first, syirkah has a complete normative and regulatory framework in Indonesia; second, the compositional shift toward musharakah has occurred more in contract form than in actual risk sharing due to information asymmetry, moral hazard, human resource readiness, and banks' risk-averse orientation; third, improvement requires information infrastructure in banks, regulatory incentives, better customer bookkeeping, and a renewed research agenda. The novelty of this study lies in updating the “murabahah dominance” narrative in the literature.
Keywords: investment financing; Islamic bank; musharakah; profit-loss sharing; syirkah
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Copyright (c) 2026 Asri Tesi Ramadhani, Syukri Iska, Rifki Ramadhan

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