ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PENGATURAN HUKUM PIDANA TERHADAP TINDAK KEJAHATAN SIBER DI INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT

Abstract

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah mendorong munculnya berbagai bentuk kejahatan siber yang semakin kompleks, transnasional, dan sulit ditangani melalui pendekatan hukum pidana konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis persamaan dan perbedaan pengaturan hukum pidana terhadap kejahatan siber di Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat serta mengkaji peran institusi penegak hukum dalam menghadapi perkembangan cybercrime. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan komparatif. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, literatur ilmiah, serta berbagai kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan penanggulangan kejahatan siber di kedua negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat sama-sama mengakui alat bukti elektronik dan menerapkan yurisdiksi terhadap kejahatan siber lintas negara, namun memiliki perbedaan dalam struktur regulasi, kapasitas kelembagaan, dan model penegakan hukum. Amerika Serikat didukung sistem yang lebih terintegrasi dan sumber daya yang lebih maju, sedangkan Indonesia masih menghadapi tantangan pada aspek harmonisasi regulasi, kapasitas forensik digital, dan koordinasi kelembagaan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan regulasi yang adaptif, peningkatan kompetensi aparat penegak hukum, serta kerja sama internasional yang lebih efektif guna menjawab dinamika kejahatan siber yang terus berkembang.

Kata Kunci: kejahatan siber, hukum pidana, perbandingan hukum.

Abstract

The rapid development of information technology has contributed to the emergence of increasingly complex, transnational, and sophisticated forms of cybercrime that challenge the effectiveness of conventional criminal law approaches. This study aims to analyze the similarities and differences in criminal law regulations governing cybercrime in Indonesia and the United States, as well as to examine the role of law enforcement institutions in addressing the evolving nature of cyber threats. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and comparative approaches. Data were collected through a literature review of legislation, legal doctrines, academic publications, and policy frameworks related to cybercrime regulation and enforcement in both countries. The findings indicate that Indonesia and the United States both recognize electronic evidence as a valid means of proof and apply jurisdictional principles to transnational cyber offenses. However, significant differences exist in their regulatory structures, institutional capacities, and enforcement mechanisms. The United States benefits from a more integrated legal and institutional framework supported by advanced technological resources, whereas Indonesia continues to face challenges related to regulatory harmonization, digital forensic capabilities, and inter-agency coordination. Therefore, adaptive legal reforms, enhanced law enforcement competencies, and stronger international cooperation are essential to effectively respond to the rapidly evolving landscape of cybercrime.

Keywords: cybercrime, criminal law, comparative law.