PENGARUH TINGKAT PARTISIPASI ANGKATAN KERJA, KEPADATAN PENDUDUK, DAN TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA TERHADAP GINI RATIO DI SUMATERA UTARA 2011-2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.69286Abstract
ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK), Kepadatan Penduduk, dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) terhadap ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan yang diukur dengan Gini Ratio di Provinsi Sumatera Utara selama periode 2011–2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif asosiatif dengan data sekunder berjenis time series yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda yang ditransformasi melalui metode first difference untuk memenuhi uji asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK) dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap Gini Ratio. Sementara itu, Kepadatan Penduduk terbukti berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan secara marginal (pada taraf signifikansi 10%) terhadap Gini Ratio akibat terciptanya efek aglomerasi ekonomi. Secara simultan, TPAK, Kepadatan Penduduk, dan TPT tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Gini Ratio di Sumatera Utara. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa masalah ketimpangan pendapatan di wilayah tersebut lebih dominan dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor struktural lain di luar model penelitian.
Kata Kunci: Gini Ratio, Kepadatan Penduduk, Ketimpangan Pendapatan, Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja, Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka.
ABSTRACT: This study aims to analyze the effect of the Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK), Population Density, and Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) on income distribution inequality, measured by the Gini Ratio, in North Sumatra Province during the 2011–2025 period. This study uses a quantitative associative approach with time-series secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression (Ordinary Least Squares) transformed through the first difference method to fulfill the classical assumption tests. The partial results show that the Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK) and the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) have a positive but insignificant effect on the Gini Ratio. Meanwhile, Population Density has a negative and marginally significant effect (at a 10% significance level) on the Gini Ratio due to the creation of economic agglomeration effects. Simultaneously, TPAK, Population Density, and TPT do not have a significant effect on the Gini Ratio in North Sumatra. This indicates that the issue of income inequality in the region is more dominantly influenced by other structural factors outside the research model.
Keywords: Gini Ratio, Income Inequality, Labor Force Participation Rate, Open Unemployment Rate, Population Density.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Jonathan Brando Saragi Natan
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