TINJAUAN YURIDIS MENGENAI AKAD MUSYARAKAH PADA LEMBAGA PERBANKAN SYARIAH MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG PERBANKAN SYARIAH (Studi Kasus Di BPRS Al Salaam Amal Salman Kc Cibinong)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.72297Abstract
Abstrak
Pertumbuhan perbankan syariah menuntut alternatif sistem keuangan yang berkeadilan, salah satunya melalui pembiayaan berbasis bagi hasil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian praktik akad musyarakah pada PT BPRS Al Salaam Amal Salman KC Cibinong ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah dan Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 08/2000, serta mengidentifikasi kendala penerapannya di lapangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis, di mana teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumen hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan akad musyarakah secara formal telah memenuhi ketentuan hukum positif dan fatwa syariah terkait kejelasan modal, kesepakatan persentase nisbah, dan kontrak tertulis. Namun, implementasinya secara substantif masih menghadapi kendala praktis berupa rendahnya literasi nasabah mengenai konsep bagi hasil (profit and loss sharing), keterbatasan sistem monitoring usaha oleh bank, serta tingginya risiko bisnis. Kesimpulannya, peran Dewan Pengawas Syariah (DPS) sudah berjalan dalam menjaga kepatuhan syariah (sharia compliance), meskipun efektivitas operasionalnya belum optimal. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya penguatan edukasi literasi keuangan bagi nasabah UMKM serta optimalisasi pengawasan berbasis teknologi informasi guna menekan asimetri informasi dan meminimalkan risiko moral hazard.
Kata Kunci: Tinjauan Yuridis, Akad Musyarakah, UU No. 21 Tahun 2008, Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 08/2000, Kepatuhan Syariah.
Abstract
The growth of Islamic banking demands alternative financial systems based on equity, notably through profit-sharing financing. This study aims to analyze the compliance of musyarakah contract practices at PT BPRS Al Salaam Amal Salman KC Cibinong from the perspectives of Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking and DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 08/2000, as well as to identify its implementation challenges in the field. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and legal document reviews. The findings indicate that the formal execution of the musyarakah contract complies with positive law and sharia fatwas regarding capital clarity, profit-sharing ratio agreement, and written contracts. However, substantive implementation faces practical challenges, including low customer literacy regarding profit-and-loss sharing concepts, limited business monitoring systems by the bank, and high business risks. In conclusion, the Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS) functions to maintain sharia compliance, though its operational effectiveness is not yet optimal. The implication underscores the critical need for enhancing financial literacy education for MSME customers and optimizing information technology-based supervisory systems to reduce information asymmetry and minimize moral hazard risks.
Keywords: Juridical Analysis, Musyarakah Contract, Law No. 21 of 2008, DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 08/2000, Sharia Compliance.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Khalisna Nur Istiqomah, Abdul Rochim, Ahmad Muti

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