ANALISIS PENGARUH DANA ALOKASI UMUM DAN DANA ALOKASI KHUSUS TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMISKINAN PADA KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI JAMBI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v8i1.73324Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan Dana Alokasi Umum, Dana Alokasi Khusus, dan kondisi tingkat kemiskinan serta menganalisis pengaruh Dana Alokasi Umum dan Dana Alokasi Khusus terhadap tingkat kemiskinan pada kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jambi selama periode 2020–2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jambi dan Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan Kementerian Keuangan. Data yang digunakan merupakan data panel yang terdiri atas 11 kabupaten/kota selama lima tahun sehingga diperoleh 55 observasi. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan pemilihan model melalui uji Chow dan uji Hausman, sehingga diperoleh Fixed Effect Model sebagai model terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dana Alokasi Umum berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan dengan koefisien sebesar -5,449878 dan probabilitas 0,0000. Dana Alokasi Khusus berpengaruh negatif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan dengan koefisien sebesar -0,092926 dan probabilitas 0,7566. Secara simultan, Dana Alokasi Umum dan Dana Alokasi Khusus berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,984275 menunjukkan bahwa 98,43 persen variasi tingkat kemiskinan dapat dijelaskan oleh Dana Alokasi Umum dan Dana Alokasi Khusus, sedangkan 1,57 persen dijelaskan oleh faktor lain di luar model. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa optimalisasi Dana Alokasi Umum dapat mendukung penurunan kemiskinan melalui penguatan kapasitas fiskal, pembangunan, dan pelayanan publik, sedangkan efektivitas Dana Alokasi Khusus sangat bergantung pada ketepatan sasaran dan kualitas pelaksanaan program pembangunan daerah.
Kata Kunci: Dana Alokasi Khusus, Dana Alokasi Umum, Kemiskinan, Regresi Data Panel.
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the development of the General Allocation Fund, Special Allocation Fund, and poverty rate and to examine the effects of the General Allocation Fund and Special Allocation Fund on poverty rates in the regencies and municipality of Jambi Province during 2020–2024. The study uses secondary data obtained from Statistics Indonesia of Jambi Province and the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance, Ministry of Finance. The panel dataset covers 11 regencies and municipality over five years, resulting in 55 observations. Panel data regression was employed, with model selection conducted using the Chow and Hausman tests, resulting in the Fixed Effect Model as the best model. The results show that the General Allocation Fund has a negative and significant effect on the poverty rate, with a coefficient of -5.449878 and a probability value of 0.0000. The Special Allocation Fund has a negative but insignificant effect, with a coefficient of -0.092926 and a probability value of 0.7566. Simultaneously, the General Allocation Fund and Special Allocation Fund significantly affect the poverty rate. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.984275 indicates that 98.43 percent of the variation in poverty rates is explained by the General Allocation Fund and Special Allocation Fund, while 1.57 percent is explained by other factors outside the model. These findings indicate that optimizing the General Allocation Fund can support poverty reduction through stronger fiscal capacity, development, and public services, while the effectiveness of the Special Allocation Fund depends strongly on targeting and the quality of regional development program implementation
Keywords: General Allocation Fund, Panel Data Regression, Poverty, Special Allocation Fund
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Copyright (c) 2026 Amandha Putri, Zamzami, Deki Irawan

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