DINAMIKA EKONOMI DIGITAL DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH: TINJAUAN MAQĀṢID AL-SYARĪ’AH ATAS PRAKTIK E-COMMERCE DAN ASET DIGITAL DI INDONESIA.

Abstract

Abstrak

Perkembangan ekonomi digital telah mendorong transformasi dalam sistem transaksi ekonomi melalui praktik e-commerce, layanan keuangan digital, dan perdagangan aset digital. Di satu sisi, fenomena tersebut menciptakan peluang bagi peningkatan efisiensi, inklusi keuangan, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi syariah di Indonesia. Di sisi lain, perkembangan tersebut memunculkan berbagai persoalan hukum terkait keabsahan akad, perlindungan konsumen, serta potensi unsur riba, gharar, maysir, dan tadlīs dalam transaksi digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika ekonomi digital beserta implikasinya terhadap hukum ekonomi syariah melalui perspektif maqāṣid al-syarī’ah. Penelitian menggunakan metode library research dengan pendekatan kualitatif normatif melalui kajian terhadap literatur fikih, kitab turats, fatwa DSN-MUI, regulasi nasional, dan artikel ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik e-commerce dan aset digital pada dasarnya diperbolehkan sepanjang memenuhi rukun dan syarat akad, menjunjung prinsip keadilan, transparansi, serta bebas dari unsur yang dilarang syariat. Pendekatan maqāṣid al-syarī’ah memberikan kerangka analisis yang komprehensif dalam menilai kemaslahatan dan kemudaratan transaksi digital serta mendorong penguatan konstruksi hukum ekonomi syariah yang adaptif terhadap perkembangan teknologi di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Ekonomi Digital; Hukum Ekonomi Syariah; Maqāṣid al-Syarī’ah; E-Commerce; Aset Digital.

Abstract

The development of the digital economy has transformed economic transactions through e-commerce, digital financial services, and digital asset trading. While these innovations create opportunities to enhance efficiency, financial inclusion, and the growth of the Islamic economy in Indonesia, they also raise legal concerns regarding contractual validity, consumer protection, and the presence of riba, gharar, maysir, and tadlīs in digital transactions. This study aims to examine the dynamics of the digital economy and its implications for Islamic economic law from the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī’ah. The research employs a normative qualitative approach using library research by analyzing classical Islamic legal literature, authoritative fiqh works, DSN-MUI fatwas, Indonesian regulations, and relevant scholarly publications. The findings reveal that e-commerce and digital asset transactions are fundamentally permissible provided that they fulfill the essential requirements of Islamic contracts, uphold justice and transparency, and remain free from prohibited elements under Islamic law. Furthermore, the maqāṣid al-sharī’ah approach offers a comprehensive analytical framework for evaluating the benefits and potential harms of digital transactions while supporting the development of a more adaptive and responsive Islamic economic legal framework in Indonesia.

Keywords:Digital Economy; Islamic Economic Law; Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah; E-Commerce; Digital Assets.