PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, SHARIA COMPLIANCE, DAN ECONOMIC FREEDOM TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK UMUM SYARIAH PERIODE 2019–2025

Abstract

Abstrak

Profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) masih berfluktuasi, sementara bank dituntut menjaga kepatuhan syariah dan kinerja keuangan secara bersamaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh Good Corporate Governance (Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Dewan Direksi, dan Dewan Komisaris Independen), Sharia Compliance (Profit Sharing Ratio dan Islamic Income Ratio), serta Economic Freedom terhadap Return on Assets (ROA), dengan ukuran perusahaan sebagai variabel kontrol. Penelitian kuantitatif asosiatif ini menggunakan data sekunder delapan BUS yang dipilih secara purposive pada periode 2019–2025 (56 observasi) dan dianalisis dengan regresi data panel melalui EViews 12. Hasil estimasi Common Effect Model menunjukkan bahwa Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Dewan Direksi, Islamic Income Ratio, dan Economic Freedom berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ROA, sedangkan Dewan Komisaris Independen, Profit Sharing Ratio, dan ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Secara simultan, seluruh variabel berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA dengan Adjusted R² sebesar 24,32%. Bank disarankan memperkuat peran Dewan Pengawas Syariah dan Direksi, menjaga kemurnian pendapatan halal, serta memanfaatkan iklim kebebasan ekonomi untuk memperluas pembiayaan produktif.

Kata Kunci: Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Economic Freedom, Good Corporate Governance, Profitabilitas, Sharia Compliance

Abstract

The profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks (ICBs) remains volatile, while banks are required to maintain sharia compliance and financial performance at the same time. This study analyzes the effect of Good Corporate Governance (Sharia Supervisory Board, Board of Directors, and Independent Board of Commissioners), Sharia Compliance (Profit Sharing Ratio and Islamic Income Ratio), and Economic Freedom on Return on Assets (ROA), with firm size as a control variable. This associative quantitative study uses secondary data from eight ICBs selected through purposive sampling over 2019–2025 (56 observations), analyzed with panel data regression in EViews 12. The Common Effect Model shows that the Sharia Supervisory Board, the Board of Directors, Islamic Income Ratio, and Economic Freedom have a positive and significant effect on ROA, whereas the Independent Board of Commissioners, Profit Sharing Ratio, and firm size have no significant effect. Simultaneously, all variables significantly affect ROA, with an Adjusted R² of 24.32%. Banks are advised to strengthen the roles of the Sharia Supervisory Board and the Board of Directors, preserve the purity of halal income, and use the economic freedom climate to expand productive financing.

Keywords: Economic Freedom, Good Corporate Governance, Profitability, Sharia Compliance, Sharia Supervisory Board