The Application of Judicial Pardon in Minor Criminal Offenses
An Analytical Study on the Relevance of Fiqh Jinayah within the Indonesian Criminal Justice System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/shautuna.v6i2.55607Keywords:
Judicial Pardon, Minor Offense, Fiqh Jinayah, Criminal Law, Criminal JusticeAbstract
In the Indonesian legal system, judicial pardons are special powers given to judges to mitigate or exempt perpetrators from criminal sanctions, especially in cases that are considered minor and not too detrimental to the community. This concept of judicial pardon is a form of judicial discretion in which judges can refrain from imposing sentences even though the defendant has been legally and convincingly proven guilty of a criminal act. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of forgiveness in minor crimes from the perspective of fiqh jinayah. The legal gap identified in this study is the absence of integration between Islamic legal values related to judicial pardon and the principles of judicial pardon in Indonesian positive law. This research uses a normative approach by analyzing relevant legal texts, including Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP) and other related regulations on judicial pardon, as well as interpretations and doctrinal principles in fiqh jinayah. The findings of this study reveal that judicial pardon for minor crimes has similar principles to forgiveness in fiqh jinayah, such as consideration of public welfare (maslahah), punishment that does not cause excessive deterrent effects, and protection of victims' rights. This study further concludes that judicial pardons can be an alternative mechanism to resolve cases of minor crimes while upholding the principles of justice and the benefit of society.
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