From Fiqh Bi’ah to Ethical Sufficiency

Rethinking Fast Fashion Consumption through Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Makassar City

Abstract

The rapid expansion of fast fashion has intensified patterns of excessive consumption, contributing to textile waste and environmental degradation. This problem is particularly relevant in Makassar City, where landfill capacity has been exceeded since 2019. This study examines fast fashion consumption among Muslim consumers in Makassar and critically rethinks consumption ethics through the concept of hadd kifayah within the framework of fiqh al-bi’ah and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 on responsible consumption and production. Employing qualitative field research with a phenomenological approach, the study draws on in-depth interviews with five purposively selected fast fashion consumers from adolescent and adult groups with different fashion preferences. Secondary data were obtained from Islamic jurisprudential literature, scholarly publications, and official documents and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings demonstrate that fast fashion consumption is consciously shaped by accessibility, digital promotional exposure, and aesthetic demands, while environmental awareness concerning textile waste remains limited. The study argues that hadd kifayah can be reconceptualized not merely as a threshold of material sufficiency but as an ethical boundary that restrains consumption from exceeding ecological needs and social responsibility. By placing fiqh al-bi’ah in dialogue with SDG 12, the study contributes a normative-analytical framework for responsible fashion consumption that connects Islamic legal ethics with contemporary sustainability principles. It further implies the need for textile-waste governance in Makassar to incorporate Islamic ecological ethics alongside sustainability-oriented policy measures.