Tazkiyat Al Nafs and The Ethical Objectives of Islamic Law

A Maqashid Shariah Reading of Ibn ‘Athaillah Al Sakandari’s Sharh Al Hikam and Taj Al Arus

Abstract

Pride that arises in man is a disease that can damage his heart and morals. Not only accompanied by pride in him but some heart diseases such as showing off and anger are the main diseases that need to be cured in the hearts and souls of people if they want to feel the pleasure of worship. If it is traced from the application of therapy to the following diseases of the soul and heart, then the implementation in treating the following diseases can not be separated from the connotation of the role of Sharia and maqashidnya. However, the concept of maqashid is epistemologically more related to human behavior in deeds, for example, it is to pray in order to prevent immoral acts. If people have prayed with the intention of avoiding immoral acts, then they still carry it out, it means that there is something wrong with the procedure for carrying out their prayers. Here the role of tasawwuf through the study of Psychosufistik Ibn Athaillah in the Book of Tajul Arus and kitab al Hikam. The following two primary sources explain that the virtue of prayer in intending to prevent immoral acts is not only carried out as an obligation but it is necessary to reflect on the contents of the monotheistic sentence spoken in the practice. Through the study of Muslim leaders of the classical era who created the concept of maqashid shariah, namely Imam Syatibi and Shaykh Izzuddin Abdul Aziz Salam explained that the purpose of maqashid shariah in worship is to carry out human obligations to God essentially as a form of obedience. The realization of tazikiyah al nafs against maqashid Sharia is to purify the intention by knowing that worship in Syar'i needs to be carried out not by being understood as an obligation but as a form of purpose in order to revive the essence of worship in batiniyyah. The findings of this study is the nature of worship that is always done by a muslim in general has the same correlation value in tasawwuf. However, on the other hand, the findings of this study is the formation of human characteristics towards a muhsin character to build personal and social benefits ranging from spiritual awareness and guidance from sharia guidelines that have been described in the concept of maqashid Sharia.