MINI REVIEW: MENYUSUI SEBAGAI FAKTOR PERKEMBANGAN MIKROBIOMA ORAL BAYI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/sipakalebbi.v10i2.66995Keywords:
Infant oral microbiome, breastfeeding, human milk microbiota, early microbial colonization, child oral health, early childhood cariesAbstract
The development of the oral microbiome in early life is an important biological process that contributes to both oral and systemic health during childhood. Breastfeeding is considered to play a key role in this process through the transfer of microorganisms, bioactive metabolites, and immunological components from the mother to the infant. This mini-review aims to synthesize recent scientific evidence regarding the role of breastfeeding in shaping the infant oral microbiome. The literature was obtained through systematic searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on publications from 2021 to 2026 that examined the relationship between breastfeeding, human milk microbiota, and the colonization of the infant oral microbiome. The synthesis of current evidence indicates that exclusively breastfed infants tend to develop a more stable oral microbial community dominated by commensal bacteria compared to formula-fed infants. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon involve the transfer of microorganisms through the proposed entero-mammary pathway, as well as the role of bioactive components in human milk, such as human milk oligosaccharides and lactoferrin, which modulate microbial growth and inhibit pathogen colonization. Early microbial colonization may contribute to reducing the risk of early childhood caries and support the development of mucosal immune function. However, variations in research methodologies and the limited availability of longitudinal studies remain challenges in understanding the causal relationship between breastfeeding and the development of the infant oral microbiome. Further research using longitudinal and multi-omics approaches is required to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the complex interactions between breastfeeding and oral microbiome ecology in early life.
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