Kesantunan Berbahasa Berbasis Nilai Budaya Bugis-Makassar dalam Etika Komunikasi Islam

Abstract

This study aims to describe and analyze language politeness practices based on Bugis-Makassar cultural values, specifically Sipakatau, Sipakalebbi/Siakalabbiri, Siri’, and Pangngaderreng/Pangngadakkang within the framework of Islamic communication ethics. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were gathered through observation, in-depth interviews, and speech documentation in family and educational settings. Data analysis involved data reduction, categorization of politeness strategies, and interpretation combining Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory, the concept of collective self-esteem in local culture, and Islamic communication principles (qaulan kariman, qaulan ma'rufan, and qaulan layyinan). The findings demonstrate that the greeting system and honorific forms among the Bugis-Makassar people reflect alignment between traditional cultural norms and Islamic ethical teachings on mutual respect. The values of Siri’ and Sipakalebbi strongly intersect with Islamic injunctions to preserve social dignity and brotherhood, leading to a dominant use of indirect communication strategies to mitigate threats to social standing. However, modernization and the shift away from regional languages have contributed to a decline in the internalization of these politeness values among younger generations. This study highlights the importance of integrating universal politeness theory, local wisdom, and Islamic communication ethics to build a model for polite and civilized communication in the modern era.