Peran Agama Sebagai Moral Publik Terhadap Gerakan Anti-Rokok di Bone-Bone Enrekang

(Kajian Antropologi Agama)

Abstract

This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach based on field research to gain an in-depth understanding of the social, cultural, and religious contexts underlying the formation and implementation of the Smoke-Free Area (SFA) policy in Bone-Bone Village, Baraka District, Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi. Bone-Bone Village exhibits unique and inspiring characteristics, as it has successfully implemented a collective smoking ban without formal legal coercion from the government, relying instead on local cultural approaches and the internalization of Islamic values. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation, involving religious leaders, village officials, youth representatives, educators, and members of the general community. Data analysis was conducted using both inductive and deductive approaches to examine how religious values and local cultural norms are understood, internalized, and translated into collective behaviors that support social change. The findings indicate that the success of the smoke-free initiative in Bone-Bone is strongly influenced by the strategic roles of religious and community leaders. Islamic da‘wah messages emphasizing the prohibition of actions that cause harm, combined with educational and public health values, serve as a moral foundation that strengthens the legitimacy of the anti-smoking policy. Furthermore, strong social norms, community solidarity, and collective pride in maintaining a healthy village identity contribute significantly to the sustainability of the policy. The SFA initiative in Bone-Bone represents a form of community-based social innovation and underscores the role of religion as a tangible and sustainable agent of social transformation.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif berbasis studi lapangan untuk memahami secara mendalam konteks sosial, budaya, dan keagamaan dalam pembentukan serta pelaksanaan kebijakan Kawasan Bebas Asap Rokok (KBAR) di Desa Bone-Bone, Kecamatan Baraka, Kabupaten Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan. Desa Bone-Bone memiliki karakteristik unik dan inspiratif karena berhasil menerapkan larangan merokok secara kolektif tanpa paksaan hukum formal dari pemerintah, melainkan melalui pendekatan budaya lokal dan internalisasi nilai-nilai Islam. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi dengan melibatkan tokoh agama, aparat desa, pemuda, tenaga pendidik, serta masyarakat umum. Analisis data dilakukan secara induktif dan deduktif untuk menelaah bagaimana nilai keagamaan dan budaya lokal dipahami, diinternalisasi, dan diwujudkan dalam perilaku kolektif masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan KBAR di Bone-Bone sangat dipengaruhi oleh peran strategis tokoh agama dan tokoh masyarakat. Pesan dakwah Islam tentang larangan perbuatan yang membawa kemudaratan, dipadukan dengan nilai pendidikan dan kesehatan, menjadi dasar moral yang memperkuat legitimasi kebijakan antirokok. Selain itu, norma sosial yang kuat, solidaritas komunitas, dan kebanggaan kolektif terhadap identitas desa sehat menopang keberlanjutan kebijakan ini. Inisiatif KBAR di Bone-Bone mencerminkan inovasi sosial berbasis komunitas serta menegaskan peran agama sebagai agen transformasi sosial yang berkelanjutan.