Natural Photoprotection in Tropical Indonesia: In Vitro Sunscreen Activity of Kleinhovia Hospita Leaf Extract
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/ucr.v2i2.71637Keywords:
Paliasa leaves, natural sunscreen,, Photoprotection, Kleinhovia HospitaAbstract
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with various adverse skin effects, including erythema, hyperpigmentation, premature aging, and skin cancer, highlighting the need for effective photoprotective agents. Growing interest in natural-based sunscreen products has encouraged the investigation of plant-derived compounds with potential UV-protective activity. Paliasa (Kleinhovia hospita Linn.) leaves contain bioactive constituents, particularly flavonoids and polyphenols, which may contribute to photoprotective effects. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of paliasa leaf extract as a natural sunscreen using an in vitro approach. Sunscreen activity was assessed by determining the Sun Protection Factor (SPF), percentage of erythema transmission (%Te), and percentage of pigmentation transmission (%Tp) at extract concentrations of 100, 300, 500, 700, and 900 ppm. The results showed a concentration-dependent increase in SPF values, ranging from 22.40 at 100 ppm to 42.62 at 900 ppm. The %Te values ranged from 0.64% to 0.27%, indicating a total-block category across all tested concentrations. Similarly, %Tp values ranged from 0.57% to 0.25% and were also classified within the total-block category. These findings demonstrate that paliasa leaf extract exhibits substantial in vitro photoprotective activity against both UVB- and UVA-associated effects. Therefore, K. hospita leaf extract has promising potential as a natural active ingredient for the development of sunscreen formulations.
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