Optimizing Plantation Waste for Alternative Feed in Integrated Crop-Livestock System: A Case Study from Bulukumba, South Sulawesi
Keywords:
Alternative Feed, Crop-livestock system, Integrated farming, Plantation waste, Sustainability, Zero wasteAbstract
Bulukumba Regency holds significant potential for developing an integrated crop-livestock system through the utilization of plantation waste such as copra meal, coconut husk, cocoa pod husk, and clove leaves as alternative feed for ruminant livestock. This research employed a case study approach using qualitative methods, supported by secondary data and laboratory analysis of the nutritional content of the waste materials. The study also assessed the level of utilization by farmers and livestock keepers, as well as the challenges encountered in its application. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. The findings revealed that the use of plantation waste as animal feed remains low due to limited technical knowledge, inadequate processing technology such as fermentation, and weak institutional support and extension services. In fact, utilizing this waste could reduce feed costs by up to 40% without compromising livestock performance. This research proposes a zero-waste-based integration model consisting of several stages: mapping the potential of local waste resources, providing technical training, establishing farmer group enterprises, and conducting continuous monitoring. Regional policies and institutional support are necessary to strengthen the implementation of this model in order to create a sustainable and environmentally friendly crop-livestock system in Bulukumba.
Downloads
References
Atapattu, A.J., Nuwarapaksha, T., Udumann, S.S., Dissanayaka, N. (2025). Integrated farming systems: A holistic approach to sustainable agriculture. Book Series: Sustainability Sciences in Asia and Africa: 89-127. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7517-0_4
BPS Statistics of Bulukumba Regency. (2025). Bulukumba regency in figures. 21(1102001.7302).
Brick, E. S. R., Holland, J., Anagnostou, D. E., Brown, K., Desmulliez, M. P. Y. (2022). A review of agroforestry, precision agriculture, and precision livestock farming-The case for a data-driven agroforestry strategy. Frontier in Sensors. 3(998928): 1-25. https://doi: 10.3389/fsens.2022.998928
Cui, H., Zhang, C., Li, C.Z., Lin, L. (2018). Antimicrobial mechanism of clove oil on Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control. 94: 140-146 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.007
Gayatri, S., Vincent, G., Vaarst, M. (2016). Assessing sustainability of smallholder beef cattle farming in Indonesia: A case study using the FAO SAFA framework. Journal of Sustainable Development. 9(3): 236-247. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n3p236
Ghotra, B. (2025). Essential recycling and repurposing of food waste for environment and sustainability. Frontier in Sustainable Food System. 9(157511): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1575113
Hilmiati, N., Ilham, N., Nulik, J., Rohaeni, E., Derosari, B., Basuki, T., Yusriani, Y. (2024). Smallholder cattle development in Indonesia: Learning from the Past for an Outcome-Oriented Development Model. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics. 19(1): 169-184. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.190119
Hom, K. (2024). Circular Ekonomy: The 4Rs reduce-reuse-recycle-recover. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science CUNY Academic Works New York City College of Technology
Kasumaningrum, Y., Azis, Y., Saefullah, K., Siregar, A.Y M. (2024). Investigating the impact of social capital , cross-sector collaboration , and leadership on social innovation in rural social enterprises. Journal of Human, Earth, and Future. 5(1): 111-130. http://dx.doi.org/10. 28991/HEF-2024-05-01-09
Kazemi, M. (2025). Recycling agricultural waste: sustainable solutions for enhancing livestock nutrition. Veterinary Medicine and Science: 1-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70321
Khususiyah, N., Janudianto., Isnurdiayah., Suyanto, S., Roshetko, J.M. (2012). Agroforestry and Forestry in Sulawesi series: Livelihood strategies and land use system dynamics in South Sulawesi. Working paper 155. Bogor, Indonesia: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Southeast Asia Regional Program. 47p. https://doi.org/10.5716/WP12054.PDF
Klein, C., Feist, M., Britta, G.K. (2021). Case of suspected theobromine poisoning in dairy cattle. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 105:997–1001. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13469
Lan, R., Eastham, S. D., Barrett, S. R. H., & Norford, L. K. (2022). Air quality impacts of crop residue burning in India and mitigation alternatives. Nature Communications.13:6537. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34093-z
Mael, S. H. (2024). Cocoa pod husk meal as a feed Ingredient for livestock. Food and Energy Security. 13: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70003
Mat, K., Abdul Kari, Z., Rusli, N.D., Che Harun, H., Wei, L.S., Rahman, M.M., Mohd Khalid, H.N., Mohd Ali Hanafiah, M.H., Mohamad Sukri, S.A., Raja Khalif, R.I.A., et al. (2022). Coconut palm: food, feed, and nutraceutical properties. Animals.12(2107): 1-19. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ani12162107
