Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, Dan Praktik Perawat Tentang HIV/AIDS Dengan Perilaku Caring Terhadap Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHIV)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/asjn.v7i2.71413Keywords:
HIV/AIDS, perawat, pengetahuan, sikap, praktik keperawatan, perilaku caringAbstract
Perawat memiliki peran penting dalam memberikan asuhan yang komprehensif dan penuh kasih kepada orang yang hidup dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHIV). Namun, keterbatasan pengetahuan, sikap negatif, dan praktik keperawatan yang kurang optimal dapat memengaruhi kualitas perilaku caring serta berkontribusi terhadap stigma di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik perawat terkait perawatan HIV/AIDS dengan perilaku caring terhadap ODHIV di sebuah rumah sakit Islam di Jakarta, Indonesia.Penelitian kuantitatif analitik dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan pada 104 perawat yang dipilih menggunakan stratified random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan HIV-KQ-18, Berger HIV Stigma Scale, dan Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BSS) yang telah disesuaikan untuk tenaga kesehatan. Analisis meliputi statistik deskriptif, uji korelasi Spearman, dan regresi logistik ordinal. Sebanyak 45,2% perawat memiliki pengetahuan baik, 70,2% menunjukkan sikap positif, 74,0% memiliki praktik yang baik, dan 42,3% menunjukkan perilaku caring yang tinggi. Pengetahuan (ρ=0,684; p<0,001), sikap (ρ=0,587; p<0,001), dan praktik (ρ=0,612; p<0,001) berhubungan positif dengan perilaku caring. Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan merupakan prediktor terkuat terhadap perilaku caring (AOR=3,16; IK95%:1,63-6,12; p<0,001), diikuti praktik (AOR=2,32; IK95%:1,23-4,37; p=0,009) dan sikap (AOR=2,03; IK95%:1,15–3,58; p=0,014). Model menjelaskan 42,7% variasi perilaku caring (Nagelkerke R²=0,427). Pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik perawat berhubungan signifikan dengan perilaku caring terhadap ODHIV. Peningkatan pengetahuan melalui pendidikan berkelanjutan dan pelatihan berbasis kompetensi diperlukan untuk memperkuat perilaku caring, mengurangi stigma, dan meningkatkan mutu pelayanan keperawatan yang berpusat pada pasien
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