Konflik Ekonomi dan Lingkungan dalam Konversi Pesisir: Kasus Tambak Intensif di Desa Lingadan, Kabupaten Tolitoli
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/best.v5i3.61625Keywords:
Konflik Pesisir, Kepentingan Ekonomi, Konversi Lingkungan, Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, Sumber Daya AlamAbstract
Konflik antara kepentingan lingkungan dan ekonomi di wilayah pesisir menjadi isu penting, terutama pada kasus konversi lahan pesisir menjadi tambak intensif di Desa Lingadan, Kabupaten Tolitoli. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak ekologis, sosial-ekonomi, serta dinamika konflik antar-pemangku kepentingan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif, di mana data diperoleh melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara mendalam dengan masyarakat, pemerintah, perusahaan, dan LSM, serta dokumentasi pendukung. Data dianalisis secara tematik untuk menggali makna, persepsi, dan dinamika yang muncul di tingkat lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alih fungsi lahan sejak 2020–2021, terutama pada vegetasi mangrove dan non-mangrove, berdampak signifikan terhadap lingkungan berupa penurunan cadangan karbon tanah, peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca, degradasi kualitas air, serta hilangnya fungsi ekologis mangrove. Dari sisi sosial-ekonomi, tambak intensif memberi manfaat berupa lapangan kerja dan peningkatan pendapatan, namun distribusinya tidak merata sehingga memicu ketimpangan sosial. Persepsi masyarakat terhadap dampak lingkungan beragam, dipengaruhi faktor sosiodemografis dan akses informasi, sementara regulasi formal (RTRW, AMDAL, zonasi pesisir) masih lemah dalam memastikan partisipasi publik dan pengakuan terhadap kearifan lokal. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya strategi tata kelola berbasis kolaborasi multipihak (pemerintah, masyarakat, LSM, dan perusahaan) dengan pendekatan co-management untuk menyeimbangkan kebutuhan ekonomi dan keberlanjutan ekosistem pesisir.
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