Author Guidelines
Diwan: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab has been publishing scholarly papers twice each year since 2015. It was multilingual (Arabic, English, and Bahasa) but since 2024 only in two languages (Arabic and English), peer-reviewed, and specialized in Arabic Literature. This journal is organized by the Arabic Literature Department, Faculty of Adab and Humaniora, Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar. The aim is to provide readers with a better understanding of Arabic literature history and present developments through the publication of articles, research reports, and book reviews.
Articles should be written in Arabic or English between approximately 5000-7000 words, including text, tables and figures, notes, references, and appendices intended for publication. All submissions must include a 100-150 word abstract and 3-5 keywords. Quotations, passages, and words in local or foreign languages should be translated into article language.
All notes must appear in the text as citations. In the matter of bibliographic style, it must be noted in the footnotes and bibliography according to Diwan's style. Diwan follows the manual style of TURABIAN or Modern Humanities at Mendeley.
The article submitted to this journal should contain Arabic Linguistics, Arabic Literature, Arabic Islamic History, Arabic Islamic Culture, Modern Standard Arabic, and Arabic Second Language Acquisition.
Information of article
✔ Title
no more than 16 words; Author(s) name: is fully written without any title; Institution: is completely stated, including the institution name; Corresponding author: includes name & email address
✔ Abstract
An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the article; it allows readers to survey the contents of an article quickly, and, like a title, it enables persons interested in the document to retrieve it from abstracting and indexing databases. Most scholarly journals require an abstract. Consult the instructions to authors or the web page of the journal to which you plan to submit your article for any journal-specific instructions. A well-prepared abstract can be the most important single paragraph in an article. Most people have their first contact with an article by seeing just the abstract, usually in comparison with several other abstracts, as they are doing a literature search. Readers frequently decide on the basis of the abstract whether to read the entire article. The abstract needs to be dense with information. By embedding keywords in your abstract, you enhance the user's ability to find it. Do not exceed the abstract word limit of the journal to which you are submitting your article. Word limits vary from journal to journal and typically range from 100 to 150 words.
Keywords: low case, comma, paper template, abstract, keywords, introduction
✔ Introduction
This template is designed to assist the author(s) in preparing the manuscript; it accurately represents the format the editor expects. To use this template, please Save As this MS Word file to your document, then copy and paste your document here. To copy and paste the text to this template document, please use “Special Paste” and choose “Unformatted Text.”
All papers submitted to the journal should be written in good English. Authors for whom English is not their native language are encouraged to have their papers checked before submission for grammar and clarity. International Editing and Asia Editing can provide English language and copyediting services. The work should not have been published or submitted for publication elsewhere. The official language of the manuscript to be published in the Diwan journal is Arabic or English.
In the Introduction, Authors should state the objectives of the work at the end of the introduction section. Before the objective, the Authors should provide an adequate background and a concise literature survey in order to record the existing solutions/method, to show which is the best of previous research, to show the main limitation of the previous research, to show what do you hope to achieve (to solve the limitation) and to show the scientific merit or novelties of the paper. Avoid a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
✔ Method
Materials and methods should make readers able to reproduce the experiment. Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. A reference should indicate methods already published: only relevant modifications should be described. Do not repeat the details of established methods.
Identify Subsections
It is conventional and reasonable to divide the Method section into labeled subsections. These usually include a section with descriptions of the participants or subjects and a section describing the procedures used in the study. The latter section often includes a description of (a) any experimental manipulations or interventions used and how they were delivered, for example, any mechanical apparatus used to deliver them; (b) sampling procedures and sample size and precision; (c) measurement approaches (including the psychometric properties of the instruments used); and (d) the research design. If the design of the study is complex or the stimuli require a detailed description, additional subsections or subheadings to divide the subsections may be warranted to help readers find specific information.
Include in these subsections the information essential to comprehend and replicate the study. Insufficient detail leaves the reader with questions; too much detail burdens the reader with irrelevant information. Consider using appendices and/or a supplemental website for more detailed information.
Participant (Subject) Characteristics
Appropriate identification of research participants is critical to the science and practice of psychology, particularly for generalizing the findings, making comparisons across replications, and using the evidence in research syntheses and secondary data analyses. If humans participated in the study, report the eligibility and exclusion criteria, including any restrictions based on demographic characteristics.
Research Design
Specify the research design in the Method section. Were subjects placed into conditions that were manipulated, or were they observed naturalistically? How were participants assigned to conditions through random assignment or some other selection mechanism if multiple conditions were created? Was the study conducted as a between-subjects or a within-subject design?
✔ Result and Discussion
Results should be clear and concise. The results should summarize (scientific) findings rather than provide data in great detail. Please highlight differences between your results or findings and the previous publications by other researchers.
The discussion should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
In the discussion, it is the most essential section of your article. Here you get the chance to sell your data. Make the discussion corresponding to the results, but do not reiterate the results. Often should begin with a summary of the leading scientific findings (not experimental results). The following components should be covered in the discussion: How do your results relate to the original question or objectives outlined in the Introduction section (what)? Do you provide an interpretation scientifically for each of your results or findings presented (why)? Are your results consistent with what other investigators have reported (what else)? Or are there any differences?
After presenting the results, you are in a position to evaluate and interpret their implications, especially with respect to your original hypotheses. Here you will examine, interpret, and qualify the results and draw inferences and conclusions. Emphasize any theoretical or practical consequences of the results. (When the discussion is relatively brief and straightforward, some authors prefer to combine it with the Results section, creating a section called Results and Discussion.)
Open the Discussion section with a clear statement of the support or nonsupport for your original hypotheses, distinguished by primary and secondary hypotheses. If hypotheses were not supported, offer post hoc explanations. Similarities and differences between your results and the work of others should be used to contextualize, confirm, and clarify your conclusions. Do not simply reformulate and repeat points already made; each new statement should contribute to your interpretation and the reader's understanding of the problem.
Your interpretation of the results should take into account (a) sources of potential bias and other threats to internal validity, (b) the imprecision of measures, (c) the overall number of tests or overlap among tests, (d) the effect sizes observed, and (e) other limitations or weaknesses of the study. If an intervention is involved, discuss whether it was successful, the mechanism by which it was intended to work (causal pathways), and/or alternative mechanisms. Also, discuss barriers to implementing the intervention or manipulation as well as the fidelity with which the intervention or manipulation was implemented in the study, that is, any differences between the manipulation as planned and as implemented.
Acknowledge the limitations of your research, and address alternative explanations of the results. Discuss the generalizability, or external validity, of the findings. This critical analysis should take into account the differences between the target population and the accessed sample. For interventions, discuss characteristics that make them more or less applicable to circumstances not included in the study, how and what outcomes were measured (relative to other measures that might have been used), the length of time to measurement (between the end of the intervention and the measurement of outcomes), incentives, compliance rates, and specific settings involved in the study as well as other contextual issues.
End the Discussion section with a reasoned and justifiable commentary on the importance of your findings. This concluding section may be brief or extensive, provided it is tightly reasoned, self-contained, and not overstated. In this section, you might briefly return to a discussion of why the problem is essential (as stated in the introduction); what more significant issues, those that transcend the particulars of the subfield, might hinge on the findings; and what propositions are confirmed or disconfirmed by the extrapolation of these findings to such overarching issues.
✔ Conclusion
Conclusions should answer the objectives of the research. Tells how your work advances the field from the present state of knowledge. Without clear Conclusions, reviewers and readers will find it difficult to judge the work and whether or not it merits publication in the journal. Do not repeat the Abstract or list experimental results. Provide a clear scientific justification for your work, and indicate possible applications and extensions. You should also suggest future experiments and/or highlight those underway.
✔ References
The bibliography emphasizes more than 50% of primary sources or reputable international journals, such as Scopus. The process of creating a bibliography is as follows:
Chaer, Abdul. Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2003. ←Book
Boudelaa, Sami. and William D Marslen-Wilson. “Aralex: A Lexical Database For Modern Standard Arabic,” Behavior Research Methods, Vol. 42, No. 2, 2010. ←Journal
Clancey, W.J. “Communication, Simulation, and In-telligent Agents: Implications of Personal Intelligent Machines for Medical Education.” In Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2011, 556-560. ←Proceeding
Rice, J. “Polygon: A System for Parallel Problem Solving,” Technical Report, KSL-86-19, Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ, 2014. ←Report
Clancey, W.J. “Transfer of Rule-Based Expertise through a Tutorial Dialogue.” Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, 2013. ←Thesis
Ivey, K.C. Citing Internet sources URL http://www.eei- alex.com/eye/utw/ 96aug. html. (2 September 2012) ←Website