Dinamika Habitat dan Aktivitas Nyamuk Anopheles Selama Musim Kemarau di Desa Inalipue Kecamatan Tanasitolo Kabupaten Wajo, Sulawesi Selatan

Authors

  • Naswir Naswir Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Makassar, Kementrian Kesehatan, Indonesia
  • Nurhayati Nurhayati Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Makassar, Kementrian Kesehatan, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Syukur Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Wajo, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
  • Muh. Saleh Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin, Makassar, Indonesia

Keywords:

Anopheles, Musim Kemarau, Habitat, Malaria, Survei entomologi

Abstract

Musim kemarau memengaruhi dinamika habitat dan perilaku vektor malaria, terutama nyamuk Anopheles. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Inalipue, Kecamatan Tanasitolo, Kabupaten Wajo, untuk memahami pola perkembangbiakan dan aktivitas nyamuk selama musim kemarau. Survei entomologi menggunakan metode Human Landing Collection (HLC) untuk penangkapan nyamuk dewasa di dalam dan luar rumah, serta pengamatan habitat larva di sawah, saluran irigasi, dan parit kecil. Hasil menunjukkan tiga spesies nyamuk Anopheles, yaitu Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles vagus, dan Anopheles nigerrimus, dengan Anopheles barbirostris menjadi spesies dominan dan MBR tertinggi sebesar 3,00 gigitan/orang/malam di luar rumah, mengindikasikan tingginya risiko paparan gigitan nyamuk. Habitat utama larva ditemukan di sawah yang mengering (40%), saluran irigasi dengan aliran lambat (30%), dan parit kecil (20%). Faktor utama yang mendukung keberadaan larva meliputi ketersediaan genangan air, vegetasi pendukung, dan stabilitas air. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun jumlah habitat berkurang selama musim kemarau, nyamuk Anopheles tetap mampu memanfaatkan habitat yang tersisa untuk berkembang biak. Strategi pengendalian berbasis habitat seperti pengeringan genangan air, pengelolaan vegetasi, dan aplikasi larvasida direkomendasikan untuk menekan risiko penularan malaria di wilayah ini. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara perubahan iklim, perilaku nyamuk, dan efektivitas metode pengendalian berbasis komunitas untuk menekan populasi nyamuk di wilayah endemis.

 

Kata Kunci: Anopheles, Musim Kemarau, Habitat, Malaria, Survei entomologi

 

References

Al-Amin, H.M. et al. (2023) ‘Composition of Anopheles species and bionomic characteristics over the peak malaria transmission season in Bandarban, Bangladesh’, Malaria Journal, 22(1), pp. 1–11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04614-2.
Ariati, J., Nurisa, I. and Perwitasari, D. (2014) ‘Sebaran habitat perkembagbiakan larva Aopheles spp di Kecamatan Bula Kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur Provinsi Maluku’, Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan, 13(1), pp. 10–22.
Astuti, E.P. et al. (2016) ‘Kapasitas Vektor dan Laju Inokulasi Entomologis Anopheles vagus dari Wilayah Endemis Malaria di Provinsi Banten’, Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit, 8(1), pp. 23–30. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22435/vk.v8i1.5089.23-30.
Boesri, H. (2011) ‘Peranan Anopheles barbirostris Van Der Wulp Sebagai Penular Penyakit’, BALABA, vOL 7 NO 1(1), pp. 7–15.
Davidson, J.R. et al. (2019) ‘Mark-release-recapture studies reveal preferred spatial and temporal behaviors of Anopheles barbirostris in West Sulawesi, Indonesia’, Parasites and Vectors, 12(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3640-3.
Davidson, J.R. et al. (2020) ‘Characterization of vector communities and biting behavior in South Sulawesi with host decoy traps and human landing catches’, Parasites and Vectors, 13(1), pp. 1–17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04205-z.
Dwi Fitriani, Raharjo, M. and Martini (2022) ‘Faktor Risiko Perilaku dan Bitting Activity Anopheles Sp. Dengan Kejadian Malaria di Indonesia: Literature Review’, Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 15(1), pp. 11–19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29238/sanitasi.v15i1.1226.
Govoetchan, R. et al. (2014) ‘Dry season refugia for anopheline larvae and mapping of the seasonal distribution in mosquito larval habitats in Kandi, northeastern Benin’, Parasites and Vectors, 7(1), pp. 1–10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-137.
Hilma, S.I., Ardillah, Y. and Sunarsih, E. (2023) ‘Identifikasi spesies larva Anopheles pada genangan air: Survey habitat alami di Kecamatan Gunung Megang, Kabupaten Muara Enim, Sumatera Selatan’, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 18(2), pp. 1–8. Available at: https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/jkmi,.
Jastam, M.S. (2014) ‘Distribusi Spasial Spesies Larva Anopheles Di Daerah Pesisir Kota Makassar Tahun 2013’, Al -Shihah : Pulblic Health Science Journal, Vol. VI, N, pp. 410–423.
Kemenkes, R.I. (2017) Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan R.I. Nomor 50 Tahun 2017.
Kesehatan, K. et al. (2023) ‘Kementerian kesehatan direktorat jenderal pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit tahun 2023’.
Mubarak et al. (2021) Pengantar Kesehatan Lingkungan. 1st edn, Yayasan Kita Menulis. 1st edn. Edited by A. Karim and J. Simarmata. Yayasan kita Menulis.
Naswir, N. et al. (2024) ‘Survey of Malaria Vectors in the Rainy Season in Inalipue Village , Wajo District , South Sulawesi Sociality : Journal of Public Health Service’, 3(2), pp. 113–121. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24252/sociality.v3i2.47678.
O’Connor, C.., Entomologist, W. and Arwati, S. (1989) Illustrated Key to Female Anophelines of Indonesia. Jakarta: Directorate of Communicable Disease Ministry of Health.
Sopi, I.I.P.B. and Triana, E. (2015) ‘Beberapa aspek bioekologi Anopheles spp. di Desa Karuni Kecamatan Laura Kabupaten Sumba Barat’, ASPIRATOR, 7(2), pp. 48–57. Available at: http://download.garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/article.php?article=1994585&val=4901&title=Beberapa aspek bioekologi Anopheles spp di Desa Karuni Kecamatan Laura Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya Nusa Tenggara Timur.
Takken, W., Charlwood, D. and Lindsay, S.W. (2024) ‘The behaviour of adult Anopheles gambiae, sub-Saharan Africa’s principal malaria vector, and its relevance to malaria control: a review’, Malaria Journal, 23(1), pp. 1–19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-04982-3.
Vieira, R.F.C. et al. (2024) ‘Chapter 9 - Global climate change impacts on vector ecology and vector-borne diseases’, in S.J.N. McNabb, A.T. Shaikh, and C.J.B.T.-M.G.H.S. to P. Haley Detect, and Respond (eds). Academic Press, pp. 155–173. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90945-7.00026-9.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-31

How to Cite

Naswir, N., Nurhayati, N., Syukur, M. ., & Saleh, M. (2024). Dinamika Habitat dan Aktivitas Nyamuk Anopheles Selama Musim Kemarau di Desa Inalipue Kecamatan Tanasitolo Kabupaten Wajo, Sulawesi Selatan. HIGIENE: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 10(3), 103–110. Retrieved from https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/higiene/article/view/54906

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 3 (2024): Kesehatan Lingkungan

Section

Artikel

License

Copyright Notice

Authors who publish with HIGIENE: Environmental Health Journal retain the copyright to their work and grant the journal the right of first publication.

By publishing in HIGIENE, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive right to publish, reproduce, distribute, archive, preserve, and disseminate the published article as part of the permanent scholarly record.

Unless otherwise stated, articles published in HIGIENE are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Under this license, users are permitted to:

  • share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format; and

  • adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose,

provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made are indicated.

If the material is remixed, transformed, or adapted, the resulting work must be distributed under the same or a compatible license.

Proper attribution should include, where available, the author(s), article title, journal title, year of publication, volume and issue, DOI, and applicable Creative Commons license.

Authors may deposit and disseminate the published version of their article through institutional repositories, personal or academic websites, scholarly networks, and other appropriate platforms, provided that the original publication in HIGIENE: Environmental Health Journal is properly acknowledged and the DOI or official article link is included where available.

Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyrighted material that is not owned by them. Third-party material included in an article may be subject to separate copyright or licensing conditions as indicated in the relevant credit line.

Copyright © The Author(s). Published by HIGIENE: Environmental Health Journal under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).